Table 3:

Time-Specific Hazard Ratio from Multivariable, Mixed-Effect Cox Proportional Hazard Regression for Overdose and All-Cause Mortality by In-Jail MOUD Receipt

	Overdose death		All-cause death
	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI
MOUD vs. out-of-treatment for 1–28 days	0.20	0.08, 0.46	0.22	0.11, 0.42
MOUD vs. out-of-treatment for 29–56 days	0.52	0.09, 2.91	0.29	0.09, 0.89
MOUD vs. out-of-treatment for 57–365 days	0.84	0.51, 1.38	1.20	0.85, 1.70

Notes: A random effect was estimated including a Gaussian frailty term to the model.

Multivariable models include demographic (age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, the highest level of education), clinical (serious mental illness, personality disorder diagnosis, schizophrenia diagnosis, bipolar disorder diagnosis, alcohol use disorder, cocaine use disorder, HIV), behavioral (injecting drug use, current smoking), housing (homelessness), healthcare utilization (total numbers of ED visits during 3 months prior to discharge date), and legal characteristics variables (length of incarceration, felony charges vs. other charges, and count of previous incarceration events).