Table 5.
Neurotransmitter/neuropeptide assay detailed summary
Norethindrone= NE, ethynyl estradiol= EE, levonorgestrel=LNG, beta-endorphin immunoreactivity = beta-EI
| PAPER | ANIMAL | SUMMARY |
|---|---|---|
| ALGERI 1976 | Rat | acute and chronic administration: increased the rate of disappearance of dopamine after synthesis in the striatum chronic administration: conversion of 3H-T into 3H-DA increased in the forebrain, striatum |
| BANDYOPADHYAY 1988 | Rat | EE on acetylcholinesterase activity increased: cerebral cortex, corpus striatum decreased: hypothalamus, midbrain lynestrenol on acetylcholinesterase activity increase: cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and corpus striatum decreased: midbrain combination on acetylcholinesterase activity: increase: corpus striatum decrease: hypothalamus, midbrain |
| CHAUDHURI 1992 | Rat | Progesterone: decrease in noradrenaline of the brain stem-hypothalamus-pituitary segment of the brain Inconsistent effects observed of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine |
| DAABEES 1981 | Rat | intramuscular injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate GABA and glutamate: decrease oral contraceptive steroids GABA and glutamate: increase Both treatments acetylcholine: no change serotonin: increase |
| DEY 1991 | Rat | norepinephrine in the medulla oblongata-pons, hypothalamus, midbrain-thalamus-subthalamus decreased dopamine in medulla oblongata-pons, hypothalamus, striatum-hippocampus, cortex Ascorbic acid increased in all areas except the cerebellum |
| ISLAM 1980 | Rabbit | Decreased total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids and esterified fatty acids in hypothalamus, hippocampus, nuclei of thalamus, gyrus cinguli Increase esterified fatty acids in amygdaloid nucleus Increased cholesterol in hypothalamus |
| JORI 1976 | Mouse and Rat | combined estrogen and progestin: decrease dopamine levels in the striatum of mice and rats |
| LADINSKY 1976 | Rat and Mouse | No significant effects |
| MARCHI 1974 | Rat | Decreased monoamine oxidase activity in liver and brain |
| PONZIO 1977 | Guinea Pig | Greater conversion of tyrosine to dopamine in the hypothalamus and striatum, calculated as the ratio of radioactively tagged tagged tyrosine substrate which was initially injected further conversion to norepinephrine was not observed |
| PORCU 2012 | Rat | with EE alone, LNG alone, and combination progesterone, and allopregnanolone : decreased in cerebral cortex, hippocampus LNG alone and EE/LNG combination increased the gamma2 subunit polypeptide amount in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus EE treatment alone: no change in polypeptide levels |
| RAO 1984 | Rat | 2 months of steroid treatment: GDH activity : increased in all regions of the brain AAT activity : no change in all regions of the brain GAD activity: decreased in the cerebellum, no change in other regions GABA-alphaKG aminotransferase activity: increased in all regions of the brain 6 months of steroid treatment: GDH activity : decreased in cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem (but not midbrain), AAT activity: slightly decreased in only the brainstem GAD activity : reduced in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and midbrain (but not cerebellum GABA-T was increased in all regions of the brain |
| SASSOÈ-POGNETTO 2007 | Rat | 4 weeks hormonal contraceptive administration: uptake of a gephyrin (a GABA-receptor component) mRNA analogue : no difference in the hippocampus or cortex |
| SHETTY 1980 | Rat | estradiol, norgestrel, or combination of both: increased GABA content in the brain No change in glutamic acid decarboxylase, GABA-T estradiol alone or norgestrel alone: increase in brain pyridoxal kinase |
| SHETTY 1980 | Rat | combination: decreased brain dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytyptamine. norgestrel treatment: decreased brain dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytyptamine ethinyl estradiol treatment: no significant effects *brain region-specific changes in noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytyptamine based on treatment type and length |
| SIMONE 2015 | Rat | low doses EE and EE/LNG decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein, increased galanin protein in the locus coeruleus reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in hippocampus |
| TEJWANI 1983 | Rat | NE treatment acute treatment decreased beta-EI in the striatum Combination acute treatment decreased beta-EI in the pituitary Combination acute treatment, 10-fold treatment decreased beta-EI in pituitary, hypothalamus, striatum NE treatment chronic treatment decreased beta-EI in striatum Combination chronic treatment, 10-fold treatment decreased beta-EI in pituitary and hypothalamus |
| TEJWANI 1985 | Rat | acute treatment with NE+EE : reduced beta-endorphin, dynorphin, leucine-enkephalin, methionine-enkephalin in pituitary, chronic treatment with NE+EE: increase dynorphin, leucine-enkephalin, and methionine-enkephalin in pituitary, hypothalamus, |