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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Chem Biol. 2022 Oct 10;19(2):141–150. doi: 10.1038/s41589-022-01148-7

Fig. 1 |. Monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis and serotonin supplementation.

Fig. 1 |

a, Biosynthetic pathways of neurotransmitters in human (blue) and C. elegans (black). AADC, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase; AANAT, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase; HIOMT, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase; MAO, monoamine oxidase; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; TH, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; DBH, dopamine β-hydroxylase. b, Modular metabolites incorporating neurotransmitters previously identified in C. elegans. c, HPLC–MS-based comparison of the endo-metabolomes of untreated controls and animals treated with a high concentration of serotonin (5 mM) reveals pervasive changes. Metabolites belonging to three differential structural families are highlighted, including metabolites containing serotonin, named sngl#1–4. d, Abundance of known serotonin-derived metabolites in endo-metabolomes (worm bodies) of 5 mM serotonin-treated animals. e,f, Abundances of endocannabinoid-related phospholipids, such as GLEAs (for example, 15) (e) and the indole-derived iglu-family of MOGLs (f), are significantly perturbed in endo-metabolomes of 5 mM serotonin-treated animals. See Extended Data Fig. 1d for other structures (18–27). Data in d–f represent three biologically independent experiments, and bars indicate mean ± s.d., P values calculated by unpaired, two-tailed t-test with Welch correction.