Table 4 ∣.
Clinical studies evaluating antibiotic exposure and eosinophilic oesophagitis risk
| Study | Timing of antibiotic exposure |
Age of EoE onset |
Date (location) | Study design | Antibiotic data source |
EoE diagnosis | Key findingsa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Witmer et al.233 | Birth to 6 months | Paediatric | 2018 (USA) | Case–control | Pharmaceutical coding records | National military database | aOR 1.31 (1.10–1.56) |
| Jensen et al.234 | Birth to 12 months | Paediatric | 2013 (NC, USA) | Case–control | Retrospective survey | Databaseb | OR 6 (1.7–20.8) |
| Radano et al.235 | Birth to 12 months | Paediatric | 2014 (Boston, MA, USA) | Case–control | Retrospective questionnaire | Databaseb | OR 3.61 (1.11–11.7) |
| Jensen et al.236 | Birth to 12 months | Paediatric | 2018 (Cincinnati, OH, USA) | Case–control | Retrospective questionnaire | Databaseb | aOR 2.30 (1.21–4.38) |
| Dellon et al.237 | Birth to 12 months | Adult | 2021 (NC, USA) | Nested case–controlc | Retrospective questionnaire | Databaseb | OR 4.64 (1.63–13.2) |
| Slae et al.238 | Birth to 12 monthsd | Paediatric | 2015 (Canada) | Case–control | Retrospective questionnaire | Databaseb | No significant difference OR 1.00 |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; EoE, eosinophilic oesophagitis; OR, odds ratio.
a
Value ranges in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.
b
Database included histopathological data to confirm EoE diagnosis based on accepted definitions.
c
Case–control study nested within a previously conducted prospective cohort study of adults undergoing outpatient oesophagogastroduodenoscopy for evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms.
d
This study included questions regarding recent antibiotic exposure, which was defined as ‘less than once a year’, ‘once a year’, ‘two to three times per year’ and ‘four or more times per year’.