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. 2023 Feb 3;13:1996. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29295-4

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Degrees of pneumatization by evaluating air cells around the sigmoid sinus. Axial section where the malleoincudal complex (red arrow) appeared as an ice-cream-cone shape. Three parallel lines were drawn angled at 45˚ to the anteroposterior axis (dotted line). (a) Hypo-pneumatization: pneumatization remains anteromedial to the anterior line (passing the most anterior point). (b) Moderate pneumatization: pneumatization between the anterior and middle lines (passing the most lateral point). (c) Good-pneumatization: pneumatization between the middle and posterior lines (passing the most posterior point). (d) Hyper-pneumatization: pneumatization extends posterolaterally beyond the posterior line.