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. 2023 Jan 6;55(1):120–131. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00909-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Immunoblot analysis of VSMCs infected with shCont- or shCdon-expressing lentivirus. b Representative Alizarin Red staining images of the shCont- or shCdon-transduced VSMCs. Scale bar:100 μm. c Quantification of Alizarin Red staining in the VSMCs transduced with shCont- or shCdon-lentiviruses shown in panel (b). (n = 3). Data represent the means ± SEMs analyzed by Student’s t-test. ***P < 0.005. d Relative transcript levels of osteogenic markers and foam cell markers in control or Cdon-depleted VSMCs (n = 3). Data represent the means ± SEMs analyzed by Student’s t-test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005. n.s. = not significant. e Representative images of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining in the control or Cdon-deficient VSMCs. Scale bar: 100 μm. f Quantification of the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells shown in panel (e) (n = 4). Data represent the means ± SEMs analyzed by Student’s t-test. ***P < 0.005. g Relative transcript levels of cellular senescence markers in the control or Cdon-deficient VSMCs (n = 3). Data represent the means ± SEMs analyzed by Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.005.