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. 2023 Jan 4;55(1):95–107. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00916-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Representative integrative genomics viewer (IGV) image of A-to-I edited sites in the primary mir-3144 (upper) sequence and seed region of mature miR-3144 (lower) in liver cancer patients. Red indicates a major editing site in precursor mir-3144. b Direct sequencing analyses after ADAR1 knockdown in liver cancer cell lines with high ADAR1 expression. c RNA immunoprecipitation assay with ADAR1-overexpressing cells. The fold enrichment of primary mir-3144 was measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to the level of GAPDH. d Direct sequencing analyses of miR-3144-3p in wild-type or mutant ADAR1-overexpressing cells. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t-test.