Table 3.

The effect of Fe₃O₄/Cs on PI3K/AKT/ mTOR and MAPK (P38, ERK1/2, and JNK) pathways

	PI3K	AKT	mTOR	P38	ERK1/2	JNK
Control	1.02 ± 0.01	1.02 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.04	1.01 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.02	1.04 ± 0.04
Fe3O4/Cs	1.03 ± 0.02	1.06 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.03	1.01 ± 0.01	1.03 ± 0.01
DEN	5.30 ± 0.85a	2.95 ± 0.21a	4.70 ± 0.21a	5.13 ± 0.01a	5.07 ± 0.05a	3.65 ± 0.21a
DEN + Fe3O4/Cs	2.42 ± 0.54b	1.27 ± 0.33 b	2.20 ± 0.14a,b	2.10 ± 0.42a,b	3.55 ± 0.35a,b	1.30 ± 0.14b

Each value represents the mean ± standard deviation.

^aSignificant difference versus control group at P ≤ 0.05.

^bSignificant difference versus DEN group at P ≤ 0.05.