Table 3.

Showing the pharmacological properties of Cupressus sempervirens

Pharmacological effects	Experimental approach	Key findings	References
Anti-microbial	In vitro tests	Antibacterial and anti-fungi essential oil action	Zhang, et al., 2012; Emami, et al. 2009
Anti-viral	Under a light magnifying lens utilizing the hematoxylin and eosin technique	Anti-HSV action	Amouroux et al. 1998
Anti-parasitic	Centrifugal slim layer chromatography	Action against third instar larva of the mosquito Culex pipiens	Moussa et al. 2011
Anti-oxidant	In vitro and in vivo	Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity rat model	Loizzo, Tundis et al. 2008
Anti-cancer	Rat model prostatic hyperplasia	Nephridial adenocarcinoma cells and C32 amelanotic melanoma Antiproliferative action against BPH stroma cells in humans	Verma et al. 2014 Donya and Ibrahim 2012
Hypolipidemic	Lipid profile	Substantial decrease in serum fatty oils	Ali et al. 2010
Insecticidal	Centrifugal slim layer chromatography	Antileishmanial action Delayed lethal effect in pupae and grown-ups after larval treatment	Tumen et al. 2012 Moussa et al. 2011
Hepatoprotective	Rat model	Hepatoprotective	Demetzos et al. 2003
Osteogenic	Alkaline phosphatase, and mineralization assay also osteogenic genes expression, osteoblast transcription factor and bone morphogenetic protein 2, in primary cultures of the calvarium extracted from newborn mice	Osteoprotective effects	Ulusal et al. 2006
Wound healing/anti-coagulant	Linear incision and circular excision wound models	Limited wound healing abilities Anticoagulant properties	(Graziani et al. 1997)
Anticholinesterase	Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase (TYRO) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)	Anti-acetylcholinesterase effect	Khan et al. 2014)