Table 4.
Characteristics and metal contents according to embryo cleavage rate
| Cleavage rate | p-value | Total (N = 89) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 100% (N = 11) |
= 100% (N = 78) |
|||
| Female | ||||
| Age (years) | 33.6 ± 4.63 | 35.0 ± 4.00 | 0.284 | 34.8 ± 4.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 2.78 | 23.9 ± 3.58 | 0.425 | 23.8 ± 3.50 |
| Male | ||||
| Age (years) | 37.3 ± 7.39 | 38.0 ± 5.28 | 0.675 | 37.9 ± 5.54 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 2.96 | 25.6 ± 3.26 | 0.965 | 25.6 ± 3.21 |
| Spermiogram | 0.118 | |||
| Normal | 8 (72.7) | 36 (46.2) | 44 (49.4) | |
| Pathological | 3 (27.3) | 42 (53.8) | 45 (50.6) | |
| Count | 0.194 | |||
| Normal | 9 (81.8) | 46 (59.0) | 55 (61.8) | |
| Pathological | 2 (18.2) | 32 (41.0) | 34 (38.2) | |
| Technique | 0.032 | |||
| IVF | 4 (36.4) | 7 (9.0) | 11 (12.4) | |
| ICSI | 7 (63.6) | 68 (87.2) | 75 (84.3) | |
| Others | - | 3 (3.8) | 3 (3.4) | |
| Metals | ||||
| Essentials, n (%) | ||||
| Co | - | - | - | |
| Mo | - | - | - | |
| Cr | - | 2 (2.6) | 0.767 | 2 (2.2) |
| Cu | 10 (90.9) | 73 (93.6) | 0.558 | 83 (93.3) |
| Fe | 11 (100) | 76 (97.4) | 0.767 | 87 (97.8) |
| Zn | 11 (100) | 78 (100) | 89 (100) | |
| Mn | - | - | - | |
| Cu (mg/kg)* | 0.81 (0.43; 0.94) | 0.52 (0.34; 0.74) | 0.105 | 0.53 (0.34; 0.81) |
| Fe (mg/kg)* | 0.45 (0.30; 0.69) | 0.43 (0.33; 0.72) | 0.808 | 0.43 (0.33; 0.70) |
| Zn (mg/kg)* | 75.2 (43.9; 99.2) | 75.4 (42.3; 97.3) | 0.704 | 75.2 (42.7; 98.3) |
| No essentials, n (%) | ||||
| Ba | - | - | - | |
| Al | 7 (63.6) | 59 (75.6) | 0.465 | 66 (74.2) |
| B | 1 (9.1) | 11 (14.1) | 0.649 | 12 (13.5) |
| Cd | 1 (9.1) | 2 (2.6) | 0.330 | 3 (3.4) |
| Li | - | - | - | |
| Ni | - | 7 (9.0) | 0.590 | 7 (7.9) |
| Pb | 7 (63.6) | 30 (38.5) | 0.105 | 37 (41.6) |
| Sr | 6 (54.5) | 36 (46.2) | 0.750 | 42 (47.2) |
| V | 10 (90.9) | 62 (79.5) | 0.683 | 72 (80.9) |
| Al (mg/kg)* | 0.42 (0; 0.64) | 0.32 (0.18; 0.71) | 0.935 | 0.33 (0; 0.68) |
| B (mg/kg)* | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | 0.585 | 0 (0; 0) |
| Ni (mg/kg)* | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | 0.304 | 0 (0; 0) |
| Pb (mg/kg)* | 0.04 (0; 0.06) | 0 (0; 0.03) | 0.052 | 0 (0; 0.04) |
| Sr (mg/kg)* | 0.12 (0; 0.29) | 0 (0; 0.09) | 0.145 | 0 (0; 0.09) |
| V (mg/kg)* | 0.68 (0.47; 0.95) | 0.41 (0.21; 0.69) | 0.032 | 0.44 (0.21; 0.70) |
| Macroelements, n (%) | ||||
| Mg | 9 (81.8) | 64 (82.1) | 0.985 | 73 (82.0) |
| Ca (mg/kg)* | 238.2 (164.2; 282.1) | 230.2 (178.4; 285.5) | 0.751 | 231.6 (176.2; 283.3) |
| K (mg/kg)* | 809.9 (628.4; 1094.9) | 760.7 (636.4; 944.8) | 0.995 | 761.5 (636.0; 947.3) |
| Mg (mg/kg)* | 69.3 (41.7; 87.7) | 63.7 (42.3; 87.2) | 0.861 | 65.5 (42.3; 87.2) |
| Na (mg/kg)* | 2071.0 (1909.1; 2262.6) | 2135.2 (1987.0; 2329.6) | 0.210 | 2135.2 (1972.7; 2324.5) |
Data show mean ± standard deviation or frequency (percentage) except * median (P25; P75)
BMI body mass index