Table 3.
Results of included studies regarding index year, perspective, adjusted costs in US$ at 2020 price levels (using appropriate inflation rates for corrections), effectiveness results, ICER, and discount rate
| References | Index year | Perspective | Costs in US$ at 2020 price levels | Effectiveness | ICER | Discount rate per year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gottlob et al. [12] | 1997 | Healthcare |
Total cost early ACLR: $18,130 Total cost CTa: $3594 |
Early ACLR more effective than CTa gaining 1.61 QALYs per person | $9023/QALY | Cost and QALYs:3% |
| Farshad et al. [10] | 2010 | Healthcare |
Total cost early ACLR:$11,352 Total cost delayed ACLR: $10,947 |
Early ACLR more effective than delayed ACLR gaining 0.12 QALYs per person | $3461/QALY | Not reported |
| Mather et al. [18] | 2012 | Societal |
Total cost early ACLR for long term: $43,721 Total cost CTa for long term: $101,545 |
Short-to-medium-term: early ACLR more effective than CTa gaining 0.18 QALYs per person Long-term: early ACLR more effective than CTa gaining 0.72 QALYs per person |
Early ACLR is dominant (per-patient cost savings $5164) early ACLR is dominant (per-patient cost savings $57,824 |
Cost and QALYs:3% |
| Mather et al. [17] | 2012 | Healthcare |
Total cost early ACLR: $22,804 Total cost delayed ACLR: $24,606 |
Early ACLR more effective than delayed ACLR gaining 0.28 QALYs per person | Early ACLR is dominant (per-patient cost savings $1803) | Cost and QALYs:3% |
| Kiadaliri et al. [15] | 2011 | Societal |
Total cost early ACLR: $31,240 Total cost delayed ACLR: $25,630 |
Early ACLR more effective than delayed ACLR gaining 0.13 QALYs per person | $43,152/QALY | Cost and QALYs:3% |
| Stewart et al. [38] | 2015 | Societal |
Total cost early ACLR: $22,216 Total cost delayed ACLR: $12,973 |
Early ACLR more effective than delayed ACLR gaining 0.35 QALYs per person | $24,847/QALY | Cost and QALYs:3% |
| Eggerding et al. [8] | 2018 | Societal and healthcare |
Using societal perspective: Total cost early ACLR: $19,495 Total cost delayed ACLR: $15,071 |
Early ACLR more effective than delayed ACLR gaining 0.043 QALYs per person | Using societal perspective: $101,939/QALYs | Cost: 4% QALYs:1.5% |
|
Using healthcare perspective: Total cost early ACLR: $8,302 Total cost delayed ACLR: $5,564 |
Using healthcare perspective: $63,188/QALYs |
ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, QALY quality-adjusted life-year, early ACLR early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, CTa conservative treatment alone, delayed ACLR conservative treatment with optional delayed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction