Table 2.
Surgical and Rehabilitation Protocol
| Lead author | Graft type | Fixation technique | Surgical technique | 1 or 2 Stage | Bundle | Accessory procedures* | Tension protocol | Rehabilitation protocol | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femur | Tibia | Brace splint | Bearing | ROM | |||||||
| Yoon, 2019 [32] |
18 allo ns 2 mixed |
13 Transtibial 7 Transportal |
One stage | Single | Yes | To tolerance from day 0 | Restricted for 3 weeks | ||||
| Helito, 2022 [14] | 6 allo AT | Interfefence screw | Interference screw | Transportal | One stage | Single | 6 ALL | 30° of flexion | No | Partial WB as tolerated from day 0 | Free from day 0 |
| Ahmed, 2017 [1] | 29 auto contro HT | Titanium screw | Titanium screw | Transportal | One stage | Single | No | Partial WB as tolerated from day 0 | Free from day 0 | ||
| Buda, 2013 [2] |
9 allo AT 15 allo TP |
1 Titanium staples | 2 Titanium staples | Over the top | One stage | Single | 24 extra-articular plasty | 90° of flexion | Yes | Partial WB for the first 2 weeks | Passive from day 0 |
| Chen, 2013 [3] |
92 auto ns 54 allo ns 5 mixed |
||||||||||
| Dini, 2019 [7] |
5 auto homo PT 2 auto contro PT 1 auto contro HT 3 allo AT 5 allo TA 1 allo QS |
Interference screw | Interference screw | Outside-in |
13 Single 4 double |
Single | 12 extra-articular tenodesis | Yes | Yes | Partial WB for 3 weeks | 0–90° for 4 weeks |
| Engler, 2020 [9] |
8 allo PT 5 auto homo PT 1 auto homo HT |
Interference screw | Interference screw | Transportal or transtibial | Single stage | Single | Yes | Partial WB for 6 weeks | Passive motion from day 0 | ||
| Gorodischer, 2021 [11] |
1 auto homo PT 4 allo PT 4 allo TA |
Intereference screw | Interference screw |
8 Single stage 1 double stage |
Single | 5 ALL | 60 degrees of flexion | Yes | Full WB after 2 weeks | Passive from day 0 | |
| Griffith, 2013 [13] |
12 allo PT 1 auto homo HT 1 auto contro HT 1 auto homo PT |
13 interference screw 1 endobutton |
13 interference screw 2 bicortical screw |
13 Single stage 2 double stage |
Single | ||||||
| Wegrzyn, 2009 [31] |
4 auto homo PT 5 auto contro PT 1 auto homo QS |
Interference screw | Interference screw |
9 single stage 1 double stage |
Single | 1 high tibial valgus osteotomy | |||||
Allo allograft, auto autologous, PT patellar tendon, HT hamstrings, TA tibialis anterior, TP tibialis posterior, homo homolateral, contro controlateral, ns not specified, WB weight-bearing, ALL reconstruction