Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in German EA-V and EA-IV surveys by history of diabetes
| EA-IV | EA-V | EA-IV vs. EA-V | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n = 536)a | No history of diabetes (n = 369) | History of diabetes (n = 167) | All patients (n = 384) | No history of diabetes (n = 273) | History of diabetes (n = 107) | P | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 68.7 (61.7–74.3) | 68.4 (61.7–73.8) | 69.7(61.7–75.6) | 69.0 (63.9–75.8) | 68.8 (62.9–75.5) | 70.3 (64.9–76.2) | 0.03 |
| Age categories, n (%) | 0.003 | ||||||
| < 65.0 years | 192 (35.8) | 139 (37.7) | 53 (31.7) | 109 (28.7) | 81 (29.7) | 28 (26.2) | |
| 65.0–69.9 years | 109 (20.3) | 73 (19.8) | 36 (21.6) | 95 (25.0) | 71 (26.0) | 24 (22.4) | |
| 70.0–74.9 years | 115 (21.5) | 84 (22.8) | 31 (18.6) | 63 (16.6) | 46 (16.9) | 17 (15.9) | |
| ≥ 75 years | 120 (22.4) | 73 (19.8) | 47 (28.1) | 113 (29.7) | 75 (27.5) | 38 (35.5) | |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 441 (82.3) | 301 (81.6) | 140 (83.8) | 309 (81.3) | 216 (79.1) | 93 (86.9) | 0.77 |
| Education, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||||
| Primary school or less | 9 (1.7) | 6 (1.6) | 3 (1.8) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Secondary school or high school | 32 (6.0) | 22 (6.0) | 10 (6.0) | 137 (36.2) | 100 (36.8) | 37 (34.9) | |
| Vocational or technical training | 395 (73.7) | 271 (73.4) | 124 (74.3) | 146 (38.6) | 104 (38.2) | 42 (39.6) | |
| University or postgraduate | 100 (18.7) | 70 (19.0) | 30 (18.0) | 92 (24.3) | 66 (24.3) | 26 (24.5) | |
| Reason for admission, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||||
| Elective CABG | 83 (15.5) | 53 (14.4) | 30 (18.0) | 75 (19.5) | 46 (16.9) | 28 (26.2) | |
| Elective PCI or stent | 370 (69.0) | 261 (70.7) | 109 (65.3) | 121 (31.5) | 86 (31.5) | 32 (29.9) | |
| Acute MI | 28 (5.2) | 19 (5.2) | 9 (5.4) | 142 (36.9) | 108 (39.6) | 34 (31.8) | |
| Acute myocardial ischemia or unstable angina | 55 (10.3) | 36 (9.8) | 19 (11.4) | 46 (12.0) | 33 (12.1) | 13 (12.2) | |
| Years between index event and study visit, median (IQR) | 1.8 (1.1–2.5) | 1.8 (1.1–2.5) | 1.8 (1.1–2.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.9–1.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Completion of a cardiac rehabilitation program, n (%) | 263 (49.2) | 181 (49.1) | 82 (49.4) | 190 (49.6) | 135 (49.5) | 54 (50.5) | 0.89 |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||||
| Never smoking | 182 (34.0) | 138 (37.4) | 44 (26.4) | 113 (29.4) | 91 (33.3) | 22 (20.6) | 0.15 |
| Current smoking | 65 (12.1) | 47 (12.7) | 18 (10.8) | 60 (15.6) | 46 (16.9) | 12 (11.2) | 0.13 |
| Regular physical activity, n (%)b | 46 (13.2) | 43 (17.6) | 3 (2.9) | 48 (21.2) | 35 (20.0) | 11 (22.0) | 0.01 |
| Change of diet within the previous 6 months, n (%) | 530 (98.9) | 364 (98.6) | 166 (99.4) | 341 (88.8) | 239 (87.6) | 100 (93.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 79 (14.7) | 45 (12.2) | 34 (20.4) | 74 (19.4) | 48 (17.7) | 25 (23.4) | 0.06 |
| Coronary heart disease prior the index event, n (%) | 353 (65.9) | 241 (65.3) | 112 (67.1) | 140 (36.7) | 85 (31.4) | 54 (50.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Duration of CHD, years, median (IQR) | 2.9 (1.9–9.0) | 2.7 (1.9–5.6) | 3.8 (2.1–14.4) | 2.1 (1.4–7.5) | 2.0 (1.4–3.8) | 3.2 (1.5–13.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 36 (6.7) | 19 (5.2) | 17 (10.2) | 17 (10.9) | 10 (10.5) | 7 (11.7) | 0.08 |
| History of stroke/TIA, n (%) | 46 (8.6) | 25 (6.8) | 21 (12.6) | 24 (6.3) | 14 (5.2) | 10 (9.4) | 0.20 |
| Symptoms of depression (HADS), n (%) | 97 (18.1) | 61 (16.5) | 36 (21.6) | 58 (15.1) | 35 (12.8) | 23 (21.5) | 0.23 |
| Symptoms of anxiety (HADS), n (%) | 148 (27.9) | 102 (27.8) | 46 (28.1) | 82 (21.9) | 59 (21.9) | 23 (22.8) | 0.04 |
aPartly published by Wagner et al. [11]; bIn patients without long-standing illness, disability or infirmity (EA-V: n = 215; EA-IV: n = 330); PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG Coronary artery bypass graft, MI Myocardial infarction, CHD Coronary heart disease, TIA Transient ischemic attack, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
p-values marked in bold are statistically significant at a two-tailed α-level of 0.05