Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 240 datasets generated from 100 patients stratified into tertiles according to QRS width progression/month
| Patient characteristics | Overall | 1st Tertile | 2nd Tertile | 3rd Tertile | p value1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < − 0.34 ms/month | − 0.33 to 0.49 ms/month | > 0.50 ms/month | |||
| N | 240 | 80 | 80 | 80 | |
| Age (years) | 58 (13) | 58 (12) | 58 (13) | 59 (14) | 0.52 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 191/240 (80%) | 63/80 (79%) | 66/80 (82%) | 62/80 (78%) | 0.72 |
| Female | 49/240 (20%) | 17/80 (21%) | 14/80 (18%) | 18/80 (22%) | |
| NYHA class | 1.79 (0.63) | 1.76 (0.59) | 1.77 (0.67) | 1.84 (0.63) | 0.66 |
| Days between Visits | 227 (427) | 143 (85) | 400 (699) | 138 (96) | < 0.001 |
| ECG | |||||
| QRS progression (ms) | 1 (9) | − 7 (6) | 1 (5) | 8 (8) | < 0.001 |
| QRS Progression/month (ms) | 0.65 (6.27) | − 1.65 (1.50) | 0.03 (0.19) | 3.57 (10.11) | < 0.001 |
| QRS (ms) | 106 (18) | 107 (19) | 105 (17) | 105 (18) | 0.92 |
| QRS morphology | |||||
| None | 171/239 (72%) | 57/80 (71%) | 58/80 (72%) | 56/79 (71%) | 0.7 |
| LBB | 28/239 (12%) | 9/80 (11%) | 12/80 (15%) | 7/79 (8.9%) | |
| RBB | 13/239 (5.4%) | 6/80 (7.5%) | 3/80 (3.8%) | 4/79 (5.1%) | |
| Incomplete LBB | 25/239 (10%) | 8/80 (10%) | 6/80 (7.5%) | 11/79 (14%) | |
| Incomplete RBB | 1/239 (0.4%) | 0/80 (0%) | 0/80 (0%) | 1/79 (1.3%) | |
| Undefined | 1/239 (0.4%) | 0/80 (0%) | 1/80 (1.2%) | 0/79 (0%) | |
| PR interval (ms) | 171 (31) | 174 (31) | 168 (26) | 173 (35) | 0.57 |
| Heartrate (min) | 69 (12) | 67 (11) | 67 (11) | 72 (13) | 0.017 |
| Rhythm | |||||
| Sinus rhythm | 227/240 (95%) | 78/80 (98%) | 76/80 (95%) | 73/80 (91%) | 0.25 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 13/240 (5.4%) | 2/80 (2.5%) | 4/80 (5.0%) | 7/80 (8.8%) | |
| Device | |||||
| ICD | 69/240 (29%) | 21/80 (26%) | 25/80 (31%) | 23/80 (29%) | 0.88 |
| sICD | 8/240 (3.3%) | 2/80 (2.5%) | 4/80 (5.0%) | 2/80 (2.5%) | |
| Medical history | |||||
| Diabetes | 52/240 (22%) | 18/80 (22%) | 16/80 (20%) | 18/80 (22%) | 0.91 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 63/240 (26%) | 24/80 (30%) | 18/80 (22%) | 21/80 (26%) | 0.56 |
| Coronary artery disease | 119/240 (50%) | 38/80 (48%) | 39/80 (49%) | 42/80 (52%) | 0.81 |
| COPD | 22/240 (9.2%) | 8/80 (10%) | 6/80 (7.5%) | 8/80 (10%) | 0.82 |
| Stroke | 11/240 (4.6%) | 2/80 (2.5%) | 7/80 (8.8%) | 2/80 (2.5%) | 0.12 |
| Hypertension | 130/240 (54%) | 45/80 (56%) | 39/80 (49%) | 46/80 (57%) | 0.49 |
| Heart failure aetiology | |||||
| ICM | 113/240 (47%) | 34/80 (42%) | 38/80 (48%) | 41/80 (51%) | 0.54 |
| Non-ICM | 127/240 (53%) | 46/80 (57%) | 42/80 (52%) | 39/80 (49%) | |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| IVSd (mm) | 10.58 (2.14) | 10.71 (1.74) | 10.22 (2.03) | 10.79 (2.56) | 0.14 |
| Ejection Fraction | 36 (10) | 37 (9) | 36 (8) | 35 (11) | 0.34 |
| RVSP (mmHg) | 26 (13) | 23 (9) | 26 (13) | 28 (14) | 0.13 |
| LVEDd (mm) | 58 (8) | 57 (6) | 59 (8) | 58 (9) | 0.47 |
| LVESd (mm) | 47 (10) | 45 (9) | 48 (10) | 47 (12) | 0.22 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||||
| Haemoglobine (mmol/L) | 13.95 (1.74) | 13.96 (1.69) | 14.15 (1.64) | 13.75 (1.88) | 0.48 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.00 (3.12) | 138.61 (3.29) | 139.09 (2.89) | 139.29 (3.18) | 0.34 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.55 (0.43) | 4.54 (0.47) | 4.51 (0.40) | 4.61 (0.43) | 0.28 |
| NTproBNP (pg/ml) | 861 (1,775) | 523 (565) | 672 (1,087) | 1,389 (2,757) | 0.008 |
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 6.50 (1.96) | 6.59 (1.94) | 6.51 (2.04) | 6.40 (1.92) | 0.80 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 73 (24) | 69 (23) | 75 (25) | 73 (23) | 0.33 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.16 (0.48) | 1.19 (0.42) | 1.16 (0.53) | 1.13 (0.50) | 0.24 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.13 (1.22) | 6.32 (1.22) | 6.01 (1.38) | 6.07 (1.08) | 0.47 |
| Medication | |||||
| Betablocker | 227/238 (95%) | 75/79 (95%) | 75/79 (95%) | 77/80 (96%) | 0.86 |
| Dose, Mean (SD) | 42 (26) | 42 (27) | 46 (27) | 39 (25) | 0.21 |
| Mineralreceptor antagonist | 175/238 (74%) | 58/79 (73%) | 61/79 (77%) | 56/80 (70%) | 0.59 |
| Dose, Mean (SD) | 37 (29) | 38 (28) | 40 (30) | 35 (28) | 0.63 |
| Sacubitril/valsartan | 128/238 (54%) | 45/79 (57%) | 39/79 (49%) | 44/80 (55%) | 0.61 |
| Dose, Mean (SD) | 31 (37) | 35 (39) | 28 (35) | 31 (38) | 0.48 |
| ACE inhibitor/ AT2 receptor antagonist | 102/238 (43%) | 33/79 (42%) | 37/79 (47%) | 32/80 (40%) | 0.67 |
| Dose, Mean (SD) | 22 (32) | 22 (34) | 24 (30) | 18 (31) | 0.37 |
| SGLT-2 inhibitor | 45/238 (19%) | 13/79 (16%) | 17/79 (22%) | 15/80 (19%) | 0.72 |
| Ivabradine | 34/238 (14%) | 8/79 (10%) | 16/79 (20%) | 10/80 (12%) | 0.17 |
| Loop-diuretic | 167/238 (70%) | 53/79 (67%) | 52/79 (66%) | 62/80 (78%) | 0.21 |
| Dose eq furosemid, mean (SD) | 15 (28) | 14 (29) | 12 (17) | 19 (35) | 0.31 |
| Amiodaron | 9/238 (3.8%) | 2/79 (2.5%) | 2/79 (2.5%) | 5/80 (6.2%) | 0.52 |
| Aspirin | 81/238 (34%) | 25/79 (32%) | 29/79 (37%) | 27/80 (34%) | 0.80 |
| Statin | 140/238 (59%) | 47/79 (59%) | 44/79 (56%) | 49/80 (61%) | 0.77 |
| Anticoagulation | 104/238 (44%) | 34/79 (43%) | 34/79 (43%) | 36/80 (45%) | 0.96 |
Continuous data were tested by ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test in case of non-normally distributed data. Categorical data were tested by Fisher’s exact test
Bold values indicate a p-value of at least < 0.05
1Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Fisher's exact test; Pearson's Chi-squared test