Table 1.
Patient, procedure, and outcome characteristics
| Patient, procedure, and outcome characteristics | Cohort (n = 576) | Major resection (n = 269) | Minor resection (n = 307) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Age (years) | 60.5 ± 13.7 | 61.7 ± 13.4 | 59.5 ± 14.0 | 0.06 |
|
Gender (f/m) |
249 (43.2%) 327 (56.8%) |
107 (39.8%) 162 (60.2%) |
142 (46.2%) 165 (53.8%) |
0.12 | |
| BMI | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 26.4 ± 4.7 | 25.8 ± 5.0 | 0.27 | |
| Concomitant disease | ASA score | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 0.24 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 30 (5.2%) | 15 (5.6%) | 15 (4.8%) | 0.71 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 209 (36.3%) | 105 (39.0%) | 104 (33.8%) | 0.27 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 98 (17.0%) | 56 (20.8%) | 42 (13.7%) | 0.02 | |
| COPD | 16 (2.8%) | 7 (2.6%) | 9 (2.9%) | 0.81 | |
| Viral hepatitis | 76 (13.2%) | 25 (0.9%) | 51 (16.6%) | 0.01 | |
| Liver specifics |
Dignity (benign/malignant) |
117 (20.3%) 459 (79.7%) |
40 (14.9%) 229 (85.1% |
77 (25.1%) 230 (74.9%) |
0.002 |
|
Tumor (primary/secondary) |
360 (62.5%) 216 (37.5%) |
168 (62.4%) 99 (37.6%) |
179 (58.3%) 117 (41.7%) |
0.55 | |
|
Biliary benign Echinococcus Dysontogenetic cyst IgG4 + -cholangitis Primary benign Trauma CRLM HCC iCC pCC Gallbladder-carcinoma Non-CRLM Sarcoma and others |
11 (1.9%) 15 (2.6%) 28 (4.9%) 7 (1.2%) 54 (9.3%) 3 (0.5%) 147 (25.5%) 133 (23.1%) 61 (10.6%) 50 (8.7%) 6 (1.0%) 52 (9.0%) 9 (1.5%) |
7 (2.6%) 8 (2.9%) 5 (1.9%) 3 (1.1%) 16 (5.9%) 0 73 (27.1%) 48 (17.8%) 43 (15.9%) 39 (14.5.%) 3 (1.1%) 20 (7.4%) 4 (1.5%) |
4 (1.3%) 7 (2.2%) 23 (7.5%) 4 (1.3%) 38 (12.4%) 3 (0.9%) 74 (24.1%) 85 (27.7%) 18 (5.9%) 11 (3.5%) 3 (0.9%) 32 (10.4%) 5 (1.6%) |
< 0.001 | |
| CTx prior to resection | 150 (26%) | 74 (27.5%) | 76 (24.8%) | 0.45 | |
| Lab values prior to resection | |||||
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 2.1 | 1.1 ± 2.6 | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.19 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.0 | |
| INR | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.01 | |
| Platelets (/nL) | 242 ± 95 | 257 ± 92 | 228 ± 96 | < 0.001 | |
| AST (IU/L) | 49.3 ± 48.6 | 53.8 ± 58.2 | 45.0 ± 37.1 | 0.06 | |
| ALT (IU/L) | 50.1 ± 67.6 | 59.6 ± 88.4 | 41.8 ± 39.7 | 0.002 | |
| Surgical specifics | IS (min) | 181 ± 94 | 224 ± 97 | 143 ± 71 | < 0.001 |
| Major/minor |
307 (53.3%) 269 (46.7%) |
||||
|
Trisectionectomy left Trisectionectomy right Hepatectomy right ext Hepatectomy left ext Hepatectomy right Hepatectomy left ≥ 1 segment ± atypical atypical Mesohepatectomy Pericystectomy + atypical Biliary duct + BDA |
2 (0.3%) 33 (5.7%) 32 (5.5%) 24 (4.1%) 104 (18.8%) 62 (10.8%) 193 (33.5%) 93 (16.1%) 5 (0.8%) 17 (2.9%) 11 (1.9%) |
2 (0.7%) 33 (12.3%) 32 (11.8%) 24 (8.9%) 104 (38.7%) 62 (23.0%) 6 (2.2%) 0 5 (1.4%) 1 (0.3%) 0 |
0 0 0 0 0 0 187 (60.9%) 93 (30.3%) 0 16 (5.2%) 11 (3.5%) |
< 0.001 | |
| BDA | 75 (13%) | 62 (23%) | 13 (4.2.%) | < 0.001 | |
| Pancreatic resection | 5 (0.9%) | 4 (1.4%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0.13 | |
| Bowel resection | 28 (4.9%) | 10 (3.7%) | 18 (5.8%) | 0.23 | |
| Pringle | 200 (34.7%) | 113 (42%) | 87 (28.3%) | 0.001 | |
| Pringle time (min) | 11.1 ± 11.5 | 12 ± 12 | 10 ± 11 | 0.08 | |
| Perioperative parameter | RBC within first 24 h | 106 (18.4%) | 61 (22.7%) | 45 (14.6%) | 0.01 |
| RBC units first 24 h | 1.4 ± 4.1 | 1.8 ± 5.3 | 0.9 ± 2.0 | 0.06 | |
| Complications | 301 (52.3%) | 175 (65%) | 126 (41.0%) | < 0.001 | |
| Dindo-Clavien ≥ 3b | 109 (18.9%) | 63 (23.4%) | 46 (14.9%) | 0.01 | |
| Hospital stay (days) | 18 ± 15 | 22 ± 17 | 15 ± 12 | < 0.001 | |
| 90-day mortality | 39 (6.8%) | 28 (10.4%) | 11 (3.6%) | 0.001 | |