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. 2023 Jan 11;102(4):102473. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102473

Table 5.

Effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery routes on broiler chicken plasma biochemistry indices.

Parameters Treatments1
Negative control In-feed antibiotic In-feed probiotic In ovo probiotic 1 In ovo probiotic 2 SEM2 P value3
Electrolytes (mmol·L−1)
 Sodium 149.4b 152.0a 151.7ab 151.2ab 151.6ab 0.52 0.031
 Potassium 6.96 6.62 6.64 6.85 6.87 0.07 0.416
 Sodium: Potassium 21.49 23.04 23.04 22.18 22.07 0.25 0.090
 Chloride 109b 113a 111ab 111ab 110ab 0.5 0.022
 Calcium 3.16 2.80 2.98 3.03 3.11 0.06 0.148
 Phosphorus 2.47 2.18 2.29 2.38 2.34 0.05 0.317
 Magnesium 0.87 0.80 0.78 0.80 0.84 0.01 0.063
Metabolites (mmol·L−1)
 Urea 0.31 0.30 0.35 0.29 0.28 0.01 0.318
 Glucose 15.5 15.3 15.6 16. 15.4 0.14 0.542
 Cholesterol 3.49 3.53 3.51 3.43 3.63 0.05 0.859
 Iron 18.5 20.6 21.1 19.9 19.7 0.01 0.772
 Bile acids 22.5 24.4 24.4 20.7 25.2 0.94 0.584
 Uric acid 364 375 424 384 396 0.01 0.498
 Creatinine 1.99 1.69 2.00 1.55 6.42 0.06 0.083
Enzymes (U·L−1)
 Amylase 606 703 726 795 782 38.6 0.579
 Lipase 22.1 23.7 24.3 20.4 20.7 0.03 0.895
 Creatine kinase 6,496 8,291 7,562 5,111 4,598 0.04 0.411
 Alkaline Phosphatase 10,205 7,775 11,986 13,378 9,264 1000 0.438
 Alanine transaminase 2.62 2.25 3.56 2.00 2.38 0.04 0.287
 Aspartate Aminotransferase 166 192 184 159 162 0.01 0.318
 Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase 9.17 10.72 9.50 9.50 10.72 0.26 0.140
Proteins (g·L−1)
 Total Proteins 28.6 27.2 28.2 29.4 29.1 0.001 0.596
 Albumin 11.8 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.6 0.14 0.973
 Globulin 16.7 15.3 16.3 17.5 17.4 0.003 0.421
 Albumin: Globulin 0.71 0.78 0.73 0.69 0.67 0.02 0.429
1

Treatments include— (1) Negative Control treatment- chicks fed a basal corn-soybean meal-wheat–based diet; (2) In-feed antibiotics- chicks fed NC + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate; (3) In-feed probiotics- chicks fed NC + 0.005% Bacillus subtilis containing 1 × 108 CFU/kg of feed; (4) In ovo probiotics group 1- eggs injected with 10 × 106 CFU of Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract/0.2 mL saline diluent; and (5) In ovo probiotics group 2- eggs injected with 20 × 106 CFU of Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract/0.2 mL saline diluent.

2

SEM = Standard error of means.

3

Means within a row with different superscripts

a,b

Significantly differ.