. 2023 Jan 11;102(4):102473. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102473

Table 6.

Effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery routes on broiler chicken intestinal morphology.

Parameters	Treatments¹					SEM²	P value³
Parameters	Negative control	In-feed antibiotic	In-feed probiotic	In ovo probiotic 1	In ovo probiotic2	SEM²	P value³
Duodenum
Villus height (mm)	2.04^b	2.14^ab	2.15^ab	2.28^a	2.21^a	0.02	<0.001
Villus width (mm)	0.22^b	0.24^ab	0.22^b	0.22^b	0.25^a	0.00	0.003
Crypt depth (mm)	0.16^a	0.14^b	0.14^b	0.15a^b	0.15^ab	0.00	0.004
Villus height: Crypt depth	12.5^b	15.0^a	14.7^a	15.5^a	14.4^a	0.19	<0.001
Jejunum
Villus height (mm)	1.15	1.17	1.12	1.16	1.11	0.01	0.497
Villus width (mm)	0.25^a	0.20^b	0.23^a	0.24^a	0.26^a	0.00	<0.001
Crypt depth (mm)	0.11^ab	0.10^c	0.10^bc	0.12^a	0.11^abc	0.00	<0.001
Villus height: Crypt depth	10.2^bc	11.8^a	10.7^ab	9.30^bc	9.88^c	0.18	<0.001
Ileum
Villus height (mm)	0.76^ab	0.77^ab	0.82^a	0.70^b	0.74^ab	0.01	0.001
Villus width (mm)	0.18^ab	0.18^ab	0.17^b	0.20^a	0.19^ab	0.00	0.007
Crypt depth (mm)	0.15^a	0.13^bc	0.14^ab	0.13^bc	0.14^abc	0.00	0.002
Villus height: Crypt depth	5.01^b	5.74^a	5.68^ab	5.47^ab	5.21^ab	0.10	0.028

Treatments include — (1) Negative Control treatment- chicks fed a basal corn-soybean meal-wheat–based diet; (2) In-feed antibiotics- chicks fed NC + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate; (3) In-feed probiotics- chicks fed NC + 0.005% Bacillus subtilis containing 1 × 10⁸ CFU/kg of feed; (4) In ovo probiotics group 1- eggs injected with 10 × 106 CFU of Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract/0.2 mL saline diluent; and (5) In ovo probiotics group 2- eggs injected with 20 × 10⁶ CFU of Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract/0.2 mL saline diluent.

SEM = Standard error of means.

Means within a row with different superscripts.

^a,b,c

Significantly differ.