Fig. 4.

Calibration curves for the prediction of pGGN invasiveness based on the three models in the training cohort (a), testing cohort (b), and validation cohort (c). The x-axis represents the predicted probability of IACs based on the clinical, radiomics, and combined models, and the y-axis represents the actual probability of pGGN invasiveness. The 45° diagonal line represents ideal prediction, and the red, green, and blue lines represent the predictive performance of the nomogram. The closer the line was to the ideal line, the better the predictive nomogram performance