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. 2023 Jan 4;55(1):108–119. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00918-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, b Hippocampal neurons were transfected with shRNA-nArgBP2 with or without nArgBP2-res. The shape factor of dendritic spines calculated from time-lapse recordings during cLTP. Changes in the shape factor, which is the index of spine motility, were analyzed with the form factor (sf = 4πA/p2) plug-in of Fiji. Representative shape factor profiles of nArgBP2 KD and KD + nArgBP2-res spines during cLTP. Each color indicates an individual spine. c Schematic diagram of mito-nArgBP2_959-1196-2P2A, in which 2 proline residues (P1027 and P1030) were mutated to alanines (2P2A). d–f Hippocampal neurons were transfected with mTagBFP-tagged shRNA-nArgBP2, mCh-nArgBP2_959-1196, and EGFP-mito-nArgBP2_959-1110-2P2A to sequester WAVE from the cytosol to the mitochondria. cLTP was induced at DIV 21. d Schematic figure of the “knock-sideway” strategy using mitochondria-targeting SH3-1/2 (nArgBP2_959-1110). e Representative fluorescence image of hippocampal neurons and time-lapse images upon cLTP. Scale bar: 2 μm. f The plot of time-dependent changes in single spine head size upon cLTP. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test. n = 6, n.s., not significant. g, h COS7 cells were transfected with CaMKII and either wild-type or a phospho-deficient mutant (3S3A) of nArgBP2_959-1196 and then treated with ionomycin. A coimmunoprecipitation experiment was performed to compare the interaction between nArgBP2 and WAVE1 before and after ionomycin treatment. h The plot of the relative intensity of the coimmunoprecipitation. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test. n = 3, n.s., not significant.