Table 4.
The expression and changes of FGF signaling in human and animal synovial joint and OA
| Signaling pathway | Therapeutic strategy | Target gene | Therapeutic reagent | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wnt | Inhibition of Wnt protein | Wnt | SM04690 | PMID: 28978991 |
|
Inhibit Wnt signaling in an indirect way by upregulating FRZB expression |
FRZB | Verapamil | PMID: 24658359 | |
| AMPK pathway | Upregulated phosphorylated AMPK (AMPK activator) | AMPKα1 | Metformin; | PMID:32156705; 25940958 |
| AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway | Vitamin D | PMID:31815524 | ||
| AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. | Puerarin | PMID:29961054 | ||
| AMPK-Nrf2 Signaling | Luteolin | PMID:35154568 | ||
| Promoted SIRT1 expression. | SIRT1 | Safflower yellow (SY) | PMID:32871523 | |
| 17β-E2 | PMID:33613450 | |||
| NF-κB | Induce expression of IκB, causing increased cytosolic retention of NF-κB | I-κB | Glucocorticoids, NF-κB ODN, NF-κB morpholinos. | PMID:10760263 |
| Inhibit IKK activity significantly, preventing IκB phosphorylation | IKK | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, salycilate, ibuprofen, and sulindac | PMID:11641233 | |
| Preventing IκBα degradation | 20 S proteasome complex | Bortezomib, Cyclosporin A, sc-514, lactacystin. | PMID:15135296 | |
| Diminution of levels | p65, p50 | siRNA, AAV | PMID:11160335 | |
| Inhibit Nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits p65, p50 | p65, p50 | FK-506, BMS-205820, I-κB super repressor, Tat-srIκBα. | PMID:8112299 | |
| Inhibit the NF-κB DNA-binding activity | p65, p50 | Glucocorticoids, NF-κB ODN, NF-κB morpholinos. | PMID:10760263 | |
| HIFs pathway | Inhibition of PHD protein (PHD inhibitor) | PHD2 | TM6008, TM6089 | PMID: 28682438 |
| FK506-binding Protein | FKBP38 | PMID: 28682438 | ||
| PHD1/2/3 | DFO, DMOG | PMID: 28682438 | ||
| Inhibition of HIF2a protein (HIF2 inhibitor) | The silent information regulator 2 type 1 (SIRT1) | Resveratrol | PMID: 25737402 | |
| HIF2a | YC-1 | PMID: 25737402 | ||
| mTOR | Inhibition of mTOR | mTOR | Rapamycin | PMID:22084394 |
| The hydromethanolic extract of Butea monosperma (BME) | PMID: 28987943 | |||
| Focal adhesion pathway | Intra-articular injection of Kindlin-2-expressing AAV | Fermt2 | AAV | https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00165-w |
| Inhibition of FAK (FAK inhibitor) | PTK2 | PF-0455487; | PMID:32558123 | |
| Y15 | PMID:32324278 | |||
| BMP pathway | Inhibition of BMP2 protein (BMP2 inhibitor) | BMP2 | Noggin | PMID: 32290085 |
| Inhibition of BMP4 protein | Rspondin2 | Mianserin | PMID: 30808932 | |
| MiR-181a | PMID: 34778258 | |||
| Activation of BMP7 pathway | Smad1/5 | BMP7-derived peptide | PMID: 33850953 | |
| Activation of BMPRIa pathway | BMPRIa | CK2.1 | PMID: 28420447 |
KOA knee osteoarthritis, DMM destabilization of the medial meniscus, MIA monosodium iodoacetate