Table 1.

Demographic characteristics and healthcare services use of surviving individuals with SCD and matched controls

	Individuals with SCD			Matched Controls
n	20 891			33 588
Follow-up, yr	4.4 (SD 2.8)			NA
Age (yr),∗ %	25.7 (SD 17.4)			24.7 (17.0)
Male	42.0			42.8
Region, %
Northeast	19.2			21.2
Northcentral	15.2			15.8†
South	55.6			56.2
West	8.3			6.7
Unknown	1.7			—
Calendar year,∗%
2007-2009	51.0			46.5
2010-2012	21.6			20.5
2013-2015	19.0			22.9
2016-2018	8.5			10.1
Plan type, %
HMO	14.6			17.8
Other‡	85.4			78.6
Unknown	—			3.6
Healthcare Services Use (Mean [SE] Visits/Yr)
Age at enrollment	0-18 (n = 8 512)	19-30 (n = 4 156)	31-64 (n = 8 223)	0-18 (n = 8 871)	19-30 (n = 6 103)	31-64 (n = 18 614)
Office visits§	4.55 (0.03)	4.51 (0.04)	6.49 (0.04)	2.42 (0.11)	2.39 (0.15)	3.72 (0.12)
Outpatient & urgent care visitsǁ	4.86 (0.04)	4.73 (0.08)	4.77 (0.05)	0.08 (0.01)	0.15 (0.05)	0.32 (0.02)
Ambulance use	0.05 (0.003)	0.09 (0.005)	0.12 (0.007)	0.002 (0.001)	0.005 (0.001)	0.004 (0.001)
Emergency department visits	1.32 (0.01)	1.90 (0.04)	1.12 (0.02)	0.14 (0.009)	0.20 (0.01)	0.18 (0.007)
Inpatient admissions	0.57 (0.007)	0.69 (0.013)	0.46 (0.006)	0.04 (0.008)	0.07 (0.01)	0.07 (0.004)
Prescription fills	8.02 (0.07)	9.77 (0.13)	15.94 (0.12)	1.57 (0.09)	2.38 (0.13)	8.45 (0.25)

HMO, health maintenance organization; EPO, exclusive provider organization; POS, point-of-service; CDHP, consumer directed health plan; HDHP, high deductible health plan.

^∗Determined at enrollment.

^†Midwest region.

^‡Other plan types are comprehensive, EPO, POS, POS with capitation, CDHP, and HDHP.

^§Visits to physicians’ offices outside of hospitals.

^ǁVisits to outpatient facilities adjoining hospital facilities.