. 2023 Jan 21;9(2):e13129. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13129

Table 1.

Study characteristics and outcomes of the included studies.

Study	Participants			Exercise training intervention		Outcomes			Measurement time (AUC duration)
Study	N(gender)	BMI (kg•m⁻²)	Fitness level	HIIT/SIT	MICT	Ghrelin	GLP-1	PYY	Measurement time (AUC duration)
Deighton et al. (2013) [24]	12(M)	23.7 ± 3.0	NR	HIIT: 10 × 240 s cycling at 85–90% VO_2peak +120 s rest	cycling at 60% VO_2peak for 60-min (work done matched with HIIT)	NM	NM	PYY_3-36 ↑	baseline, 2 h–pre-exercise, 3 h–immediately post exercise, 3.75, 5, 6, 7, 8 h (3.75 h)
								Favored MICT immediately end exercise
								Favored HIIT in hours after completion
Deighton et al. (2013) [21]^a	12(M)	24.2 ± 2.9	NR	SIT: 6 × 30 s sprinting against 7.5% of body mass+ 240 s passive recovery	cycling at 68.1 ± 4.3% VO_2peak for 60-min	Acylated Ghrelin↓	NM	Total PYY↑	baseline, 2 h–pre-exercise, 3 h–immediately post exercise, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 7 and 8 h
Deighton et al. (2013) [21]^a	12(M)	24.2 ± 2.9	NR		cycling at 68.1 ± 4.3% VO_2peak for 60-min	Favored SIT	NM	Favored MICT
Hallworth et al. (2017)[25]	9(F)	23.5 ± 2.8	active	SIT: 6 × 30 s sprinting against 10% of body mass + 240 s passive recovery	cycling at 65% VO_2peak for 30-min	NM	GLP-1↑	Total PYY→	pre-exercise, ∼0.67 h–immediately post exercise, and 2 h
Hallworth et al. (2017)[25]	9(F)	23.5 ± 2.8	active		cycling at 65% VO_2peak for 30-min	NM	Similar	Total PYY→	pre-exercise, ∼0.67 h–immediately post exercise, and 2 h
Hallzell et al. (2017) [22]	10 (M)	23.7 ± 2.2	active	SIT: 6 × 30 s sprinting against 10% of body mass + 240 s passive recovery	MICT: cycling at 65% VO_2peak for 30-min	NM	GLP-1 →	Total PYY↑	pre-exercise, ∼0.67 h–immediately post exercise, and ∼2.17 h (∼2.17 h)
Hallzell et al. (2017) [22]	10 (M)	23.7 ± 2.2	active		HICT: cycling at 85% VO_2peak for 30-min	NM	GLP-1 →	Favored SIT (immediately post exercise)
Hallzell et al. (2017) [37]^a	21 (11 F, 10 M)	23.7 ± 2.2	active	SIT: 6 × 30 s sprinting against 10% of body mass + 240 s passive recovery	cycling at 65% VO_2peak for 30-min	NM	GLP-1↑	Total PYY↑	pre-exercise, ∼0.67 h –immediately post exercise, and ∼2.17 h
Hallzell et al. (2017) [37]^a	21 (11 F, 10 M)	23.7 ± 2.2	active		cycling at 65% VO_2peak for 30-min	NM	Similar (effect of sex: greater in females)	Favored SIT (immediately post exercise) (effect of sex: greater in males)
Islam et al. (2017) [26]	8 (M)	24.8 ± 2.3	active	SIT: 4 × 30 s ‘all-out’ running + 4-min rest	MICT: running at 65% VO_2max for 30-min	Acylated Ghrelin ↓	Active GLP-1↑	Total PYY↑	pre-exercise, ∼0.67–immediately post exercise, 1.17, 2.17 h (∼2.17 h)
					MICT: running at 65% VO_2max for 30-min	Acylated Ghrelin ↓	AUC↑	Total PYY↑
					HICT: running at 85% VO_2max for 30-min	Favored SIT	Favored MICT (immediately post exercise)	Similar
					HICT: running at 85% VO_2max for 30-min	Favored SIT	Favored SIT for AUC and 30-min post exercise	Similar
Larsen et al. (2018) [35]	11 (M)	28 ± 3	inactive	HIIT: 60 s cycling at 100% VO_2peak +240 s active recovery at 50% VO_2peak for 30-min	cycling at 60% VO_2peak for 30-min (work done matched with SIT)	Acylated Ghrelin ↓	NM	Total PYY→	pre-exercise, 0.5 h–immediately post exercise, and the next morning after the exercise
Larsen et al. (2018) [35]	11 (M)	28 ± 3	inactive			Favored HIIT (30-min post exercise)	NM	Total PYY→
Martins et al. (2014) [27]	12 (7 F, 5 M)	32.3 ± 2.7	inactive	SIT: 8 s sprinting at 85–90% HR_max+ 12 s active recovery for 18 ± 3 min	cycling at 70% HR_max for 27 ± 6 min (work done matched with SIT)	Acylated Ghrelin ↓	GLP-1↑	PYY_3-36 →	baseline, 0.5, 1, ∼1.33 h–pre - exercise, 1.67 h–immediately post exercise, 2, 2.5, and 3 h (3 h)
Martins et al. (2014) [27]	12 (7 F, 5 M)	32.3 ± 2.7	inactive	SIT (half volume): same protocol as above for 9 ± 2 min		Similar	Similar	PYY_3-36 →
Matos et al. (2018) [28]	12 (M)	35.5 ± 4.5	inactive	HIIT: 10 × 60 s running at 90% of maximal heart rate with 60 s recovery	running at 70% of maximal heart rate for 20 min	NM	GLP-1↑in MICT	NM	pre-exercise, ∼ 0.42 h–immediately post exercise, and 1.42 h
Matos et al. (2018) [28]	12 (M)	35.5 ± 4.5	inactive		running at 70% of maximal heart rate for 20 min	NM	Favored MICT (post 1 h)	NM
Metcalfe et al. (2015) [16]	8 M (Study 2)	25 ± 4	NR	SIT (REHIT): 2 × 20 s sprinting + 10 min cycling at 60 W	cycling at 50% of VO_2max. for 30 min	Acylated Ghrelin ↓	NM	Total PYY→	pre-exercise, ∼ 0.5 h–immediately post exercise, 0.75, 1 and 2 h (2 h)
Metcalfe et al. (2015) [16]	8 M (Study 2)	25 ± 4	NR	SIT (REHIT): 2 × 20 s sprinting + 10 min cycling at 60 W	cycling at 50% of VO_2max. for 30 min	Favored SIT	NM	Total PYY→
Panissa et al. (2016) [36]	20 (9 F,11 M)	∼23 (F)	active	SIT: 60 × 8 s sprinting + 12 s passive recovery for 20-min (8 min of effort and 12 min of pause)	cycling at 60% of 100% of maximal load attained in incremental test for 19 ± 2 min (work done matched with SIT and HIIT)	Acylated Ghrelin ↓ (AUC) only in SIT	NM	PYY_3-36 → (effect of sex: greater in males)	baseline, 2 h–pre-exercise, 2.5 h–immediately post exercise, 3.25, and 4 h
Panissa et al. (2016) [36]	20 (9 F,11 M)	∼24.6 (M)	active	HIIT: 60 s cycling at 100% of maximal load attained in incremental test + 60 s passive recovery for 17 ± 2 min (9 min of effort and 8 min of pause)		Acylated Ghrelin ↓ (AUC) only in SIT	NM	PYY_3-36 → (effect of sex: greater in males)
Sim et al. (2014) [23]	17 (M)	27.7 ± 1.6	inactive	SIT: 15 s sprinting at 170% VO_2peak + 60 s active recovery for 30-min	cycling at 60% VO_2peak for 30-min (work done matched with SIT)	Acylated Ghrelin ↓	NM	Total PYY→	pre-exercise, 0.5 h–immediately post exercise, 1 and 1.5 h
Sim et al. (2014) [23]	17 (M)	27.7 ± 1.6	inactive	HIIT: 60 s cycling at 100% VO_2peak+240 s active recovery for 30-min		Favored SIT	NM	Total PYY→	pre-exercise, 0.5 h–immediately post exercise, 1 and 1.5 h

a = the latter published study that published in the same year by the same first author; F = Female; M = male; HR_max = Maximum heart rate; $\dot{V}$ O_2max OR $\dot{V}$ O_2peak = peak oxygen uptake; ∼ = rough value calculated by the provided data from the included study; NR = not reported; PYY = Peptide YY; GLP-1 = Glucagon-like peptide 1; ↑OR ↓ = significantly higher OR lower levels after exercise session (s) compared with resting control trial; → = no significant difference induced by exercise compared to resting control trial; NM = not measured; AUC = the area under curve; h = hour.