. 2023 Jan 21;9(2):e13129. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13129

Table 2.

Summary of moderator variable analysis for EXE (HIIT/SIT and MICT) vs. CON by sub-group and meta-regression.

Acylated ghrelin-immediately post (study arms: 17)
Moderator	Subgroup	Coefficient	95% Lower	95% Upper	Z-value	2-sided P-value	Set
BMI	(study arms: 17)	0.149	−0.051	0.348	1.46	0.145
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Active (study arms: 8)	−0.637	−1.281	0.006	−1.94	0.052	Q = 5.57, df = 2, p = 0.062
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Inactive (study arms: 5)	−1.263	−2.586	0.061	−1.87	0.061	Q = 5.57, df = 2, p = 0.062
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	HIIT (study arms: 3)	0.064	−0.697	0.826	0.17	0.868	Q = 13.95, df = 2, p = 0.001*
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	MICT (study arms: 7)	0.908	0.400	1.416	3.5	0.0005*	Q = 13.95, df = 2, p = 0.001*
Gender: (Reference group: Female)	Male (study arms: 14)	−1.359	−2.142	−0.576	−3.4	0.001*
Acylated ghrelin 30–90 min post (study arms: 17)
BMI	(study arms: 17)	0.206	0.015	0.397	2.12	0.034*
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Active (study arms: 8)	0.667	0.06	1.275	2.15	0.031*	Q = 16.27, df = 2, p = 0.0001*
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Inactive (study arms: 5)	−1.604	−2.857	−0.35	−2.51	0.012*	Q = 16.27, df = 2, p = 0.0001*
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	HIIT (study arms: 3)	0.894	0.203	1.586	2.54	0.011*	Q = 10.46, df = 2, p = 0.005*
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	MICT (study arms: 7)	0.692	0.206	1.177	2.79	0.005*	Q = 10.46, df = 2, p = 0.005*
Gender: (Reference group: Female)	Male (study arms: 14)	−0.246	−0.991	0.498	−0.65	0.516
GLP-1-immediately post (study arms: 12)
BMI	(study arms: 12)	−0.216	−0.537	0.105	−1.32	0.186
Fitness level (Reference group: Inactive)	Active (study arms: 8)	−1.842	−4.978	1.295	−1.15	0.25
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	HIIT (study arms: 1)	0.647	−0.623	1.917	1	0.318	Q = 1.38, df = 2, p = 0.501
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	MICT (study arms: 6)	0.287	−0.275	0.85	1	0.317	Q = 1.38, df = 2, p = 0.501
Gender: (Reference group: Female)	Male (study arms: 8)	−1.143	−1.794	−0.492	−3.44	0.001*
Total PYY immediately post (study arms: 17)
BMI	(study arms: 17)	−0.253	−1.04	0.533	−0.63	0.528
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Active (study arms: 10)	1.361	0.51	2.211	3.13	0.002*	Q = 16.31, df = 2, p < 0.001*
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Inactive (study arms: 3)	1.555	−1.084	4.195	1.15	0.248	Q = 16.31, df = 2, p < 0.001*
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	HIIT (study arms: 1)	−0.408	−1.892	1.076	−0.54	0.59	Q = 4.22, df = 2, p = 0.121
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	MICT (study arms: 8)	−0.593	−1.16	−0.026	−2.05	0.04*	Q = 4.22, df = 2, p = 0.121
Gender: (Reference group: Female)	Male (study arms: 13)	0.809	0.004	1.615	1.97	0.049*
PYY_3-36immediately post (study arms: 10)
BMI	(study arms: 10)	−0.041	−0.233	0.15	−0.42	0.672
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Inactive (study arms: 8)	2.404	0.875	3.933	3.08	0.002*
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	HIIT (study arms: 3)	0.438	−0.981	1.857	0.61	0.545	Q = 0.37, df = 2, p = 0.832
	MICT (study arms: 4)	0.196	−1.041	1.433	0.31	0.756
Gender: (Reference group: Female)	Male (study arms: 7)	1.396	−0.059	2.851	1.88	0.06
PYY_3-3630–90 min post (study arms: 10)
BMI	(study arms: 10)	−0.116	−0.322	0.09	−1.1	0.271
Fitness level (Reference group: NR)	Inactive (study arms: 8)	0.967	−0.675	2.608	1.15	0.248
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	HIIT (study arms: 3)	−0.439	−1.973	1.095	−0.56	0.575	Q = 0.52, df = 2, p = 0.771
Protocol types (Reference group: SIT)	MICT (study arms: 4)	−0.481	−1.835	0.873	−0.7	0.486	Q = 0.52, df = 2, p = 0.771
Gender: (Reference group: Female)	Male (study arms: 7)	2.119	0.546	3.691	2.64	0.008*

NR = Not reported; * = significant effect of the moderator.