. 2023 Jan 18;9(1):e13031. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13031

Table 5.

Co-doped Ho³⁺ laser systems in germanate sensitized with two or three dopant ions.

Glass composition	Doping ions	Pumping wavelength	Quantum efficiency = A_rad × τ_m	Laser slope efficiency (η_s)	Ref.
GeO₂- BaF₂-Ga₂O₃–LiF (GBGL)	Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺	976 nm LD	79%	–	[91]
GeO₂-BaF₂-Ga₂O₃–La₂O₃	Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺	976 nm LD	–	–	[5]
GeO₂-Ga₂O₃–BaO (BGG)	Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺	791 nm LD	–	4.7%	[92]
GeO₂-TeO₂-Nb₂O₅-YF₃	Yb³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺	980 nm LD	47%	–	[87]
GeO₂-Ga₂O₃–Na₂O–BaO–La₂O₃	Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺	980 nm or 808 nm LD	50%	–	[88]
GeO₂-PbO-Ga₂O₃–Na₂O (GPGN)	Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺	976 nm	76%	20%	[54]