Table 2.
Results of reliability and convergent validity of each construct.
| Constructs/Items | Statement | Factor loadings |
|---|---|---|
| Consumer Ethnocentrism (Adapted from Refs. [20,54]): Mean = 3.438, SD = 0.877, α = 0.805, CR = 0.838, AVE = 0.567 | ||
| ETH1 | I think only products that cannot be produced or are not available in our country should be imported. | Remove |
| ETH2 | I always think that local products should always be the first priority of choice when shopping. | 0.656 |
| ETH3 | As a Vietnamese, one should prioritize buying Vietnamese goods whenever having the opportunity. | 0.796 |
| ETH4 | Although I may suffer a minor loss of benefits, I will always support and choose to buy domestic products when possible. | 0.798 |
| ETH5 | Vietnamese people should support and buy Vietnamese products; otherwise, we will enrich only foreign countries. | 0.752 |
| ETH6 | Vietnamese people should not buy imported goods because it will hurt the domestic economy and increase unemployment. | Remove |
| General country image (Adapted from Refs. [26,73]): Mean = 3.11, SD = 0.832, α = 0.765, CR = 0.790, AVE = 0.652 | ||
| GCI1 | I think the Chinese people are trustworthy | Remove |
| GCI2 | I think China is now a high-tech country | Remove |
| GCI3 | I think the Chinese people today have a high level of literacy. | 0.827 |
| GCI4 | I think the Chinese people now have a high standard of living. | 0.788 |
| GCI5 | I think China is a friendly country to Vietnam. | Remove |
| Product country image (Adapted from Refs. [26,30]): Mean = 2.847, SD = 0.682, α = 0.837, CR = 0.858, AVE = 0.548 | ||
| PCI1 | I think products imported from China are highly innovative these days | Remove |
| PCI2 | I think products imported from China usually have nice designs. | Remove |
| PCI3 | I think products imported from China are from reputable brands. | 0.717 |
| PCI4 | I think products imported from China have a high level of sophistication or require high skills. | 0.710 |
| PCI5 | I think products imported from China use modern technology. | 0.662 |
| PCI6 | I think products imported from China are high quality. | 0.850 |
| PCI7 | I think products imported from China are durable. | 0.750 |
| Purchase intention (Adapted from Refs. [20,74]): Mean = 3.109, SD = 0.759, α = 0.885, CR = 0.878, AVE = 0.548 | ||
| INT1 | I support product importation from China | 0.717 |
| INT2 | When possible, I will buy goods imported from China. | 0.812 |
| INT3 | I will buy imported goods from China if they are available. | 0.823 |
| INT4 | I will buy products imported from China if I have a need for specific products. | 0.655 |
| INT5 | I will tell my family and friends about imported Chinese products' good and positive characteristics. | 0.704 |
| INT6 | I will recommend goods imported from China to others. | 0.715 |