Table 1. Summary of Baseline Characteristics of Intervention and Control Participants.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 316) | Control (n = 159) | Intervention (n = 157) | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 35 (31-37) | 35 (30-38) | 35 (31-37) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 145 (45.9) | 74 (46.5) | 71 (45.2) |
| Male | 166 (52.5) | 85 (53.5) | 81 (51.6) |
| Race | |||
| Black | 72 (22.8) | 35 (22.0) | 37 (23.6) |
| Othera | 22 (7.0) | 9 (5.7) | 13 (8.3) |
| White | 222 (70.3) | 115 (72.3) | 107 (68.2) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 16 (5.1) | 8 (5.0) | 8 (5.1) |
| Non-Hispanic | 300 (94.9) | 151 (95.0) | 149 (94.9) |
| Alcohol beverages/wk, median (IQR) | 3 (1-7) | 3 (1-6) | 3 (1-8) |
| ASA24, median (IQR) | |||
| Saturated fat, % of kcal | 12 (9-15) | 12 (10-15) | 12 (9-14) |
| Sodium intake, mg | 3316 (2420-4400) | 3446 (2462-4568) | 3213 (2293-4281) |
| Whole grain, oz | 0 (0-1.2) | 0 (0-1.4) | 0 (0-0.8) |
| Fruit and vegetable servings, cup equivalent | 2.0 (1.0-3.4) | 2.0 (1.0-3.5) | 2.0 (1.0-3.2) |
| Ambulatory BP, median (IQR), mm Hg | |||
| Diastolic | 85.0 (81.0-90.2) | 85.0 (81.0-90.0) | 85.0 (82.0-91.0) |
| Systolic | 131.0 (125.0-138.0) | 131.0 (124.0-138.0) | 131.0 (125.0-138.0) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 32.8 (28.0-39.5) | 33.1 (28.0-39.2) | 32.3 (27.9-39.7) |
| No. of children at home, median (IQR) | 0 (0-2) | 0 (0-2) | 0 (0-2) |
| Clinic BP, median (IQR), mm Hg | |||
| Diastolic | 90.0 (83.7-97.8) | 90.3 (84.3-97.2) | 89.3 (82.3-98) |
| Systolic | 135.0 (128-146) | 135.0 (128-143) | 136.0 (129-148) |
| Waist circumference, median (IQR), cm | 106 (97-122) | 106 (96-124) | 105 (97-120) |
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 99 (83-119) | 99 (83.5-122) | 98 (83-116) |
| Cigarette tobacco status | |||
| I currently smoke cigarettes | 40 (12.7) | 19 (11.9) | 21 (13.4) |
| I have never smoked cigarettes | 212 (67.1) | 115 (72.3) | 97 (61.8) |
| I used to smoke cigarettes | 59 (18.7) | 25 (15.7) | 34 (21.7) |
| Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity | |||
| Active | 149 (47.2) | 81 (50.9) | 68 (43.3) |
| Insufficiently active | 162 (51.3) | 78 (49.1) | 84 (53.5) |
| Highest level of education | |||
| I have not finished high school | 15 (4.7) | 8 (5.0) | 7 (4.5) |
| I have completed high school | 42 (13.3) | 20 (12.6) | 22 (14.0) |
| I have not finished college or vocation school | 52 (16.5) | 24 (15.1) | 28 (17.8) |
| I finished college or vocational school | 137 (43.4) | 74 (46.5) | 63 (40.1) |
| I have attended some or completed graduate or professional school | 65 (20.6) | 33 (20.8) | 32 (20.4) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 104 (32.9) | 54 (34.0) | 50 (31.8) |
| Married or partnered | 200 (63.3) | 101 (63.5) | 99 (63.1) |
| Divorced or widowed | 7 (2.2) | 4 (2.5) | 3 (1.9) |
| No. of antihypertensive medications | |||
| 0 | 162 (51.3) | 78 (49.1) | 84 (53.5) |
| 1 | 97 (30.7) | 51 (32.1) | 46 (29.3) |
| 2 | 43 (13.6) | 21 (13.2) | 22 (14.0) |
| 3 | 11 (3.5) | 8 (5.0) | 3 (1.9) |
| ≥4 | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) |
| Self-perceived health status | |||
| Excellent | 7 (2.2) | 4 (2.5) | 3 (1.9) |
| Very good or good | 153 (48.4) | 83 (52.2) | 70 (44.6) |
| Fair | 111 (35.1) | 50 (31.4) | 61 (38.9) |
| Poor or no response | 39 (12.3) | 21 (13.2) | 18 (11.5) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Anxiety and/or depression | 160 (50.6) | 78 (49.1) | 82 (52.2) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (0.9) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) |
| Diabetes | 18 (5.7) | 9 (5.7) | 9 (5.7) |
| Dyslipidemia | 73 (23.1) | 32 (20.1) | 41 (26.1) |
| Other chronic comorbidity | 121 (38.3) | 59 (37.1) | 62 (39.5) |
| Risk factors | |||
| e-Cigarette or vaping use in past 6 mo | 26 (8.2) | 13 (8.2) | 13 (8.3) |
| Ever received Medicaid | 67 (21.2) | 33 (20.8) | 34 (21.7) |
| Family history of heart disease or stroke | 113 (35.8) | 61 (38.4) | 52 (33.1) |
| Financial status: inadequate income | 248 (78.5) | 122 (76.7) | 126 (80.3) |
Abbreviations: ASA24, Automated Self-Administered 24-hour; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); BP, blood pressure.
a
Other race was a composite of the following self-reported races: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, unknown, not reported, or other.