Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the included studies and methodological assessment

Author	Year	Country	Study design	Sample size	Age	Tumor type	Treatment methods	Cutoff value	Follow-up (months)	Survival outcome	Quality score
Bauckneht (a) [32]	2020	Italy	Retrospective	48	Median 75 (51–88)	mCRPC	Radium-223	1091	Median 10	OS	7
Bauckneht (b) [33]	2022	Italy	Retrospective	494	Median 74 (50–90)	mCRPC	Radium-223	769	Median 10.7	OS	8
Fan [34]	2018	China	Retrospective	104	Median 72.0 (65.3–77.0)	mCRPC	Docetaxel + abiraterone	200	Median 20.2	OS, PFS	8
Kobayashi [35]	2022	Japan	Retrospective	144	Median 71 (66–76)	CRPC	Docetaxel (+abiraterone/enzalutamide)	636	NR	OS, PFS	8
Lolli [36]	2016	Italy	Retrospective	230	Median 74 (45–90)	mCRPC	Docetaxel + abiraterone	535	Median 29	OS	8
Man [37]	2019	China	Retrospective	179	Median 70 (51–88)	mCRPC	Docetaxel	535	Median 24	OS	8
Neuberger (a) [39]	2022	Germany	Retrospective	36	Median 64 (60–70)	mHSPC	Docetaxel	801	NR	OS	8
Neuberger (b) [38]	2022	Germany	Retrospective	118	Median 72 (65–76)	mCRPC	Docetaxel	160	NR	OS	8
Rajwa (a) [40]	2021	Multicenter	Retrospective	6039	Median 61 (57–66)	nmPCa	RP	620	Median 44	PFS	8
Rajwa (b) [26]	2021	Multicenter	Retrospective	214	Median 69 (64, 72)	nmPCa	RP	730	Median 25.3	OS, PFS, CSS	8
Stangl-Kremser [27]	2020	Austria	Retrospective	186	Median 68.8 (64.6–75.0)	CRPC	Docetaxel	200	NR	OS, PFS	8
Wang [41]	2022	China	Retrospective	291	Median 66.13 ± 6.05	Localized PCa	RP	528.54	Median 48	PFS	8

mCRPC metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, CRPC castration-resistant prostate cancer, mHSPC metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, nmPCa nonmetastatic prostate cancer, PCa prostate cancer, RP radical prostatectomy, NR not reported, OS overall survival, PFS progression-free survival, CSS cancer-specific survival