Table 4.
The applications of BMVs in cancer therapy.
| Types | Bacterial strain | Engineering and regimens | Therapeutical cargo | Diseases | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMVs | Escherichia coli; Vibro cholera; Shigella flexneri | CaP decorating/Immunotherapy | NA | 4 T1 breast cancer; CT26 colon cancer | [187] |
| Escherichia coli | Co-loading of OMVs | PTX; siRNA | 4 T1 breast cancer | [126] | |
| Escherichia coli | Modified OMVs | PD1 | B16 melanoma | [178] | |
| Escherichia coli | Drug carrier | 5-FU | CT26 colon cancer | [188] | |
| Escherichia coli | Decoration/conjugation drug loading | ICG; TRAIL | B16 melanoma | [189] | |
| Escherichia coli | Hybrid OMVs | ICG | B16 melanoma | [130] | |
| Escherichia coli | Transdermal delivery | ICG; PEP | B16 melanoma | [129] | |
| Escherichia coli | Photothermal therapy | Melanin | 4 T1 breast cancer | [185] | |
| Escherichia coli | OMVs/B16 melanoma cell membrane vesicles. | HPDA | B16 melanoma | [182] | |
| Klebsiella pneumonia | Attenuated strain/drug loading | Dox | A549 non-small-cell lung cancer | [53] | |
| Salmonella Typhimurium | Therapy in combination with PTX; Immunotherapy | NA | HTC116 colorectal carcinoma; MCF-7 breast cancer; HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma | [190] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium; VNP20009; Staphylococcus aureus | Photothermal/Immunotherapy | NA | CT26 colon cancer | [191] | |
| IMVs | Escherichia coli | Targeting ligand decoration Drug loading | Dox | A549 lung carcinoma | [52] |
| DMVs | Escherichia coli | RGD ligand decoration Drug loading | Dox | B16 melanoma | [20] |
| BMVs | Lactobacillus rhamnosus | Immunotherapy | NA | HepG2 liver cancer | [183] |
Note: BMVs, bacterial membrane vesicles; OMVs, outer membrane vesicles; IMVs, inner membrane vesicles; DMVs, double membrane vesicles; Dox, doxorubicin; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand; ICG, indocyanine green; PD1, programmed cell death protein 1; 5-FU, fluorouracil; RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide; NA, not appliable.