Figure 7.

R3d neurons contribute to sleep fragmentation. A, Expression pattern of R44D11-LexA⁺ neurons and 5HT7-GAL4⁺ neurons labeled by GFP and RFP, respectively; 79% of the R44D11-LexA⁺ neurons (green) overlap with 5HT7-GAL4⁺ neurons (magenta). B, Venn diagram represents the overlapping and nonoverlapping cells between 5HT7-GAL4⁺ and R44D11-LexA⁺. Bar graph represents the quantified ratio of nonoverlapping neurons. C, Activation of R44D11-LexA⁺ neurons do not change sleep or sleep structure during both day and night. D, R3d populations are labeled by suppressing the overlapped neurons of R44D11-LexA⁺ and 5HT7-GAL4⁺ by using LexAOP-GAL80. Scale bar, 20 μm. E, Activation of the nonoverlapping R3d neurons fragments sleep without significant effect on total amount during LP and DP. F, Schematic of sleep/structure regulation by multiple subtypes of ring neurons. ***p < 0.001. ****p < 0.0001. Data are mean ± SEM.