Table 2.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
| Study | Country of origin | Type of investigation | Sample size by subjects (n) | Sample size by sides |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ajmani et al. [1] Indian | India | Cadaveric | 86 | 172 |
| Ajmani et al. [1] Nigerian | Nigeria | Cadaveric | 34 | 68 |
| Anjankar et al. [2] | India | Cadaveric | 65 | 130 |
| Aoun et al. [5] | Lebanon | Imaging | 58 | 116 |
| Aoun and Nasseh [3] | Lebanon | Imaging | 79 | 158 |
| Aoun et al. [4] | Lebanon | Imaging | 74 | 148 |
| Apinhasmit et al. [6] | Thailand | Cadaveric | 55 | 110 |
| Ashwini and Jaishree [7] | India | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Awad et al. [8] | Egypt | Imaging | 200 | 400 |
| Ayoub et al. [9] | United States | Imaging | 50 | 100 |
| Badshah et al. [10] | Pakistan | Cadaveric | 85 | 170 |
| Bahşi et al. [11] | Turkey | Imaging | 150 | 300 |
| Beetge et al. [12] | South Africa | Imaging | 77 | 154 |
| Cagimni et al. [16] | Turkey | Cadaveric | 120 | 240 |
| Campbell et al. [17] | United States | Imaging | 50 | 100 |
| Cheung et al. [18] | China | Cadaveric | 30 | 60 |
| Chopra et al. [19] | India | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Chrcanovic and Custódio [20] | Brazil | Cadaveric | 80 | 160 |
| Das et al. [22] | United States | Imaging | 100 | 200 |
| Dave et al. [23] | India | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| D’Souza et al. [21] | India | Cadaveric | 40 | 80 |
| Douglas and Wormald [24] | Australia | Cadaveric | 21 | 42 |
| Duruel et al. [25] | United States | Imaging | 131 | 262 |
| Fonseka et al. [27] | Sri Lanka | Imaging | 50 | 100 |
| Fu et al. [28] | United States | Cadaveric | 11 | 22 |
| Gibelli et al. [29] | Italy | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Hassanali and Mwaniki [31] | Africa | Cadaveric | 125 | 250 |
| Howard-Swirzinski et al. [34] | United States | Imaging | 500 | 1000 |
| Hwang et al. [35] | South Korea | Imaging | 50 | 100 |
| Ikuta et al. [36] | Brazil | Imaging | 50 | 100 |
| Ilayperuma et al. [37] | Sri Lanka | Cadaveric | 136 | 272 |
| Jaffar and Hamadah [38] | Iraq | Cadaveric | 50 | 100 |
| Kaffe et al. [39] | Israel | Imaging | 58 | 116 |
| Kang et al. [40] | South Korea | Imaging | 107 | 214 |
| Kaur et al. [41] | India | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Klosek and Rungruang [42] | Thailand | Cadaveric | 41 | 82 |
| Kumar et al. [43] | India | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Lacerda-Santos et al. [44] | Brazil | Imaging | 60 | 120 |
| Langenegger et al. [45] | South Africa | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Lim et al. [47] | South Korea | Imaging | 147 | 294 |
| Lopes et al. [48] | Brazil | Cadaveric | 94 | 188 |
| Malamed and Trieger [49] | Mixed origin | Cadaveric | 204 | 408 |
| McKinney et al. [50] | United States | Imaging | 10 | 20 |
| Methathrathip et al. [52] | Thailand | Cadaveric | 105 | 210 |
| Narayan et al. [53] | India | Cadaveric | 35 | 70 |
| Nascimento et al. [54] | Brazil | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Nimigean et al. [55] | Romania | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Ortug and Uzel [56] | Turkey | Cadaveric | 97 | 194 |
| Piagkou et al. [57] | Greece | Cadaveric | 71 | 142 |
| Priya et al. [58] | India | Cadaveric | 132 | 264 |
| Rapado-González et al. [59] | Spain | Imaging | 150 | 300 |
| Rapado-González et al. [60] | Spain | Imaging | 110 | 220 |
| Renu [61] | India | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Reshmi [62] | India | Cadaveric | 50 | 100 |
| Safavi et al. [63] | Iran | Imaging | 128 | 256 |
| Salcedo et al. [64] | Chile | Cadaveric | 31 | 62 |
| Saralaya and Nayak [65] | India | Cadaveric | 132 | 264 |
| Sharma and Garud [66] | India | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Sheikhi et al. [67] | Iran | Imaging | 138 | 276 |
| Siddiqui et al. [68] | India | Cadaveric | 98 | 196 |
| Soto et al. [70] | Colombia | Cadaveric | 50 | 100 |
| Suzuki et al. [71] | Japan | Cadaveric | 20 | 40 |
| Teixeira et al. [73] | Brazil | Cadaveric | 141 | 282 |
| Thunyacharoen et al. [74] | Thailand | Cadaveric | 200 | 400 |
| Tomaszewska et al. [75] | Poland | Imaging | 1200 | 2400 |
| Tomaszewska et al. [77] | Poland | Imaging | 1350 | 2700 |
| Tomaszewska et al. [76] | Poland | Imaging | 1500 | 3000 |
| Urbano et al. [78] | Brazil | Cadaveric | 43 | 86 |
| Valizadeh et al. [79] | Iran | Imaging | 148 | 296 |
| Vidulasri and Thenmozhi [80] | India | Cadaveric | 50 | 100 |
| Vikraman et al. [81] | India | Cadaveric | 30 | 60 |
| Vinay et al. [82] | India | Cadaveric | 150 | 300 |
| Viveka and Kumar [83] | India | Imaging | 44 | 88 |
| Wang et al. [84] | China | Cadaveric | 100 | 200 |
| Westmoreland and Blanton [85] | India | Cadaveric | 300 | 600 |
| Wu et al. [86] | China | Imaging | 120 | 240 |
Table displaying characteristics of the 75 studies that were included in the meta-analysis, sorted in alphabetical order (A–Z) by last names of the first authors of the studies. The study characteristics included country of study origin, whether the study subjects were either dry skulls (i.e., cadaveric studies) or CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography) scans (i.e., imaging studies), number of subjects in the studies, and the number of sides included in each study