Table 3.
Summary of results of the AQUA tool used to evaluate the risk of bias assessment
| Study | Risk of bias | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective(s) and study characteristics | Study design | Methodology characterization | Descriptive anatomy | Reporting of results | |
| Ajmani et al. [1] | High | Low | Low | High | High |
| Anjankar et al. [2] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Aoun et al. [5] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Aoun and Nasseh [3] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Aoun et al. [4] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Apinhasmit et al. [6] | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Ashwini and Jaishree [7] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Awad et al. [8] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Ayoub et al. [9] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Badshah et al. [10] | High | Low | High | Low | Low |
| Bahşi et al. [11] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Beetge et al. [12] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Cagimni et al. [16] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Campbell et al. [17] | High | Low | High | Low | Low |
| Cheung et al. [18] | High | High | High | High | Low |
| Chopra et al. [19] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Chrcanovic and Custódio [20] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Das et al. [22] | High | Low | High | Low | Low |
| Dave et al. [23] | High | Low | High | High | Low |
| D’Souza et al. [21] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Douglas and Wormald [24] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Duruel et al. [25] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Fonseka et al. [27] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Fu et al. [28] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Gibelli et al. [29] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Hassanali and Mwaniki [31] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Howard-Swirzinski et al. [34] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Hwang et al. [35] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Ikuta et al. [36] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Ilayperuma et al. [37] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Jaffar and Hamadah [38] | High | Low | High | Low | Low |
| Kaffe et al. [39] | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
| Kang et al. [40] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Kaur et al. [41] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Klosek and Rungruang [42] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Kumar et al. [43] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Lacerda-Santos, et al. [44] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Langenegger et al. [45] | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Lim et al. [47] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Lopes et al. [48] | Low | Low | High | Low | Low |
| Malamed and Trieger [49] | High | High | High | High | High |
| McKinney et al. [50] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Methathrathip et al. [52] | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
| Narayan et al. [53] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Nascimento et al. [54] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Nimigean et al. [55] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Ortug and Uzel [56] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Piagkou et al. [57] | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Priya et al. [58] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Rapado-González et al. [59] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Rapado-González et al. [60] | Low | Low | High | High | Low |
| Renu [61] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Reshmi [62] | High | High | High | High | High |
| Safavi et al. [63] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Salcedo et al. [64] | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Saralaya and Nayak [65] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Sharma and Garud [66] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Sheikhi et al. [67] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low |
| Siddiqui et al. [68] | High | Low | Low | High | High |
| Soto et al. [70] | High | High | High | High | Low |
| Suzuki et al. [71] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Teixeira et al. [73] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low |
| Thunyacharoen et al. [74] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Tomaszewska et al. [75] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Tomaszewska et al. [77] | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Tomaszewska et al. [76] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Urbano et al. [78] | High | Low | High | High | High |
| Valizadeh et al. [79] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Vidulasri and Thenmozhi [80] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Vikraman et al. [81] | High | Low | High | High | High |
| Vinay et al. [82] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Viveka and Kumar [83] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Wang et al. [84] | Low | Low | High | Low | Low |
| Westmoreland and Blanton [85] | Low | Low | High | High | Low |
| Wu et al. [86] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |