Table 3.

Characteristics, aspects, and metrics of OR performance as reported in literature

Characteristic	Aspect	Source	Metric	Source
Efficiency	OR throughput	[16]	Number of operations per OR per month	[22]
	OR utilization	[16]	Total utilization time per OR per month (hours)	[22]
	Time (overtime, waiting time)	[16]	Off-hours surgery per OR per month (hours) (Results from urgent add-on cases or case over-runs)	[3]
			Same-day cancellation rate per OR per month (classify per cause and time of day.)	[3]
			First case start-time accuracy per OR per month (%)	[3]
			OR use per OR per month (hours) (Distinguish between overall utilization time (time something is occurring on the OR) and operating-specific utilization (time between first incision and final closure as a percentage of the room’s overall “open” period.)	[3]
			Percentage of unplanned closures per OR per month (%) (may occur due to equipment deficits etc.)	[3]
			Case duration accuracy per OR per month (%) (useful to distinguish between true case time (from patient entry till patient exit) and turnover times)	[3]
			Turnover time per OR per month (hours) (from patient exit till next patient entry)	[3]
			Excess staffing costs per OR per month (€) (can be the result of both over-utilization (pay staff for overtime) and underutilization)	[3]
	Resources	[16]	Procedural fees per OR per month (€)	[22]
			Total fees per OR per month (€)	[22]
Quality	Quality of care & patient safety	[17]	Number of problems per patient as a result of exposure to the healthcare system per OR per month	[23]
	Well-being health care professionals	[12]	Workload (number of cases per OR staff member per month)	[12]
			Autonomy	[12]