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. 2023 Feb 4;13:2025. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28666-1

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spiculated electron-dense nanoparticles in the kidney arise from MRI contrast agent treatment. (a) Transmission electron micrograph of electron-dense spiculated material in a cytoplasmic vesicle, renal proximal tubule cell, from a MRI contrast agent-treated female. The vacuole also contains unilamellar (lipid) vesicles. Calibration bar = 500 nm. Hitachi H7700 TEM, AMT 16-megapixel digital camera. (b) Darkfield scanning transmission electron microscopic image of cytoplasmic vesicles containing lipid droplets with electron-dense nanoparticles from a MRI contrast agent-treated male. Calibration bar = 500 nm. FEI Tecnai G(2) S-Twin (300 kV) transmission electron microscope equipped with an EDAX ECON X-ray detector. (c) High magnification of filamented, spiculated, electron-dense nanoparticles in the kidney from a MRI contrast agent-treated male. Scanning transmission electron microscopy. Calibration bar = 50 nm. JEOL 2010F FEGSTEM 200 kV transmission electron microscope with silicon drift detector. (d) Peri-nuclear unilamellar vesicle and spiculated nanoparticles in a renal epithelial cell from a MRI contrast agent-treated female. Scanning transmission electron microscopy. Calibration bar = 1 µm. (e) Magnification of the area in (d). Calibration bar = 200 nm. (f) Magnification of electron-dense nanoparticles in (d). Scanning transmission electron microscopy. Calibration bar = 200 nm. (g) Dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy image of kidney cortex from a MRI contrast agent-treated male. Multiple intracellular unilamellar vesicles, electron-dense material, and mitochondria are visible. Calibration bar = 2 µm. (h) Magnification of the region from (g) demonstrates rounded mitochondria (arrows) and lipid bodies rimmed with electron-dense material. Calibration bar = 500 nm. (i) A mitochondrion in the renal cortex with electron-dense inclusion, from a MRI contrast agent-treated male. Scanning transmission electron microscopy. Calibration bar = 250 nm. (d–i), FEI Tecnai G(2) S-Twin (300 kV) transmission electron microscope equipped with an EDAX ECON X-ray detector.