Figure 1. Gapless Genomes Resolve Recalcitrant Regions.

Telomere to telomere (T2T) chromosome assembly resolves all previously undeterminable sequences. A) Whole chromosomes are made up of many recalcitrant regions that are difficult for short-read sequencing approaches to resolve, such as TEs, highly repetitive regions, tandem duplications, ribosomal repeats, etc. B) These problematic regions result in un-callable sections that form gaps in the entire assembly, C) but single molecule technologies and hybrid approaches can create reads that completely cover these once unresolvable genomic sequences. D) These long-reads are then combined with hybrid assemblers to ultimately create the E) gapless genome. Created with BioRender.com