TABLE 3.

Translational regulatory mechanisms of influenza virus

Strategy	Reference(s)
Host shutoff of cellular protein synthesis	250, 288
Inhibition of cellular mRNA transport and degradation of mRNAs in the nucleus	250
Inhibition of PKR by P58IPK	135, 249, 294–296, 447
Inhibition of PKR by NS1	184, 312, 448
Cap-dependent, selective translation of influenza virus mRNAs	140, 142, 247, 250, 362
Inhibition of cellular mRNA translation at initiation and elongation stages	140, 247
Innate ability of influenza virus mRNAs for preferential translation	140, 142, 247
Viral 5′ UTR-mediated preferential translation of influenza virus mRNAs	361, 362
Recruitment of eIF4G to the viral mRNA	9
Dephosphorylation of eIF4E	110
Temporal regulation of influenza virus protein synthesis	102, 486, 487