Table 1. Clinical characteristics of study subjects.
| All (n= 505) | ALDH2 genotype | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ＊1/＊1 (n= 277) | ＊1/＊2 or ＊2/＊2 (n= 228) | |||
| Age (years) | 62.3±12.6 | 62.9±12.7 | 61.6±12.3 | 0.252 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4±2.8 | 23.7±2.8 | 23.2±2.7 | 0.055 |
| CEC | 81.9±14.2 | 83.1±14.3 | 80.5±14.0 | 0.040 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 62.3±15.4 | 64.6±15.3 | 59.5±15.1 | ＜0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 119.6±26.8 | 117.8±26.6 | 121.7±26.9 | 0.097 |
| TGs (mg/dL) | 97.0 (26-520) | 93.0 (30-508) | 100.5 (26-520) | 0.046† |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 102.8±18.9 | 103.6±17.9 | 101.8±20.2 | 0.284 |
| AST (U/L) | 25.4±10.8 | 26.7±12.7 | 23.9±7.6 | 0.002 |
| ALT (U/L) | 25.4±15.5 | 26.8±15.3 | 23.6±15.6 | 0.018 |
| GGT (U/L) | 43.7±50.5 | 50.1±62.4 | 35.8±28.6 | 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.7±16.0 | 123.1±16.4 | 120.0±15.5 | 0.026 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.6±10.8 | 74.4±11.2 | 72.7±10.3 | 0.078 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 5.8±1.3 | 6.0±1.3 | 5.6±1.2 | 0.005 |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.929 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.0±0.4 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.9±0.3 | 0.039 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.1±0.3 | 0.1±0.2 | 0.1±0.3 | 0.180 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5±0.3 | 4.5±0.3 | 4.5±0.3 | 0.239 |
| Oxidized HSA (%) | 45.2±3.8 | 45.0±3.7 | 45.4±4.0 | 0.204 |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 16.1±18.9 | 21.5±19.7 | 9.7±15.6 | ＜0.001 |
| Drinking habit categories | ||||
| No drinking habit (%) | 159 (31.5) | 46 (16.6) | 113 (49.6) | ＜0.001‡ |
| ＜23 g/day (%) | 205 (40.6) | 124 (44.8) | 81 (35.5) | |
| 23-45.9 g/day (%) | 92 (18.2) | 70 (25.3) | 22 (9.6) | |
| ≥ 46 g/day (%) | 49 (9.7) | 37 (13.4) | 12 (5.3) | |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||
| Non-smoker (%) | 413 (81.8) | 240 (86.6) | 173 (75.9) | 0.002§ |
| Smoker (%) | 92 (18.2) | 37 (13.4) | 55 (24.1) | |
Values are means±SD, median (range) or number of subjects (%).
†Mann-Whitney U test. ‡Chi-square test. §Fisher’s exact test (otherwise, Student’s t-test was used).
ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; BMI, body mass index; CEC, cholesterol efflux capacity; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL- C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TGs, triglycerides; FBG fasting blood glucose; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; UA, uric acid; CRP, C-reactive protein; Cr, creatinine; HSA, human serum albumin; SD, standard deviation.