Table 1.
Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of KIHD participants (n = 1600) presented across tertiles of total dairy, high-fat dairy, and low-fat dairy intake, values presented as median (IQR) or n (%)
| Total dairy intake | High-fat dairy intake | Low-fat dairy intake | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P trend | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P trend | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P trend | ||
| Median (IQR) intake, g/day | 212 (141, 284) | 448 (393, 500) | 723 (631, 885) | – | 19 (9, 28) | 51 (43, 60) | 112 (87, 177) | – | 128 (66, 194) | 366 (310, 424) | 638 (548, 793) | – | |
| Participants, n | 533 | 534 | 533 | – | 532 | 535 | 533 | – | 533 | 534 | 533 | – | |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Women | 305 (57) | 295 (55) | 220 (41) | < 0.0012 | 275 (52) | 307 (57) | 238 (45) | < 0.0012 | 286 (54) | 304 (57) | 230 (43) | < 0.0012 | |
| Men | 228 (43) | 239 (45) | 313 (59) | 257 (48) | 228 (43) | 295 (55) | 247 (46) | 230 (43) | 303 (57) | ||||
| Age, years | 60 (54,66) | 61 (55,67) | 65 (60, 66) | 0.0021 | 65 (60, 67) | 61 (55, 66) | 60 (54, 66) | 0.0341 | 60 (54, 66) | 65 (58, 67) | 65 (60, 66) | 0.0021 | |
| Energy expenditure for leisure-time physical activity, kcal/d | 124 (57, 241) | 131 (67, 248) | 134 (61, 268) | 0.3761 | 124 (61, 242) | 127 (66, 249) | 141 (57, 275) | 0.9971 | 133 (58, 246) | 125 (63, 238) | 134 (63, 265) | 0.2141 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 (25, 31) | 27 (25, 30) | 27 (25, 30) | 0.4881 | 28 (25, 31) | 27 (25, 30) | 27 (24, 30) | 0.0471 | 27 (25, 31) | 27 (25, 30) | 27 (25, 30) | 0.8961 | |
| SES, points | 8 (4, 11) | 8 (4, 11) | 8 (5, 12) | 0.0201 | 9 (6, 12) | 7 (4, 10) | 8 (4, 11) | < 0.0011 | 8 (4, 11) | 7 (4, 11) | 8 (5, 12) | 0.0291 | |
| Total energy intake, kJ/day | 6671 (5269, 8160) | 7219 (6080, 8407) | 8539 (7321, 10372) | < 0.0011 | 6741 (5413, 8047) | 7339 (6134, 8757) | 8361 (6967, 9956) | < 0.0011 | 7006 (5640, 8614) | 7089 (5877 8407) | 8275 (7075, 9991) | < 0.0011 | |
| Fruit, berry, and vegetable intakea, g/day | 279 (182, 383) | 299 (197, 417) | 274 (175, 393) | 0.3391 | 256 (165, 365) | 315 (215, 425) | 274 (176, 395) | < 0.0011 | 275 (169, 382) | 305 (203, 417) | 274 (183, 392) | 0.1511 | |
| Alcohol intake, g/week | 16 (1, 66) | 14 (2, 54) | 12 (1, 50) | 0.0291 | 9 (1, 47) | 13 (2, 55) | 19 (3, 64) | 0.4031 | 16 (2, 67) | 14 (2, 56) | 11 (1, 47) | 0.0081 | |
| DSM-III depressive symptoms, scores | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 0.9461 | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 0.2881 | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 0.8221 | |
| Anti-depressant medication useb | 9 (2) | 19 (4) | 17 (3) | 0.1482 | 19 (4) | 17 (3) | 9 (2) | 0.1462 | 10 (2) | 19 (4) | 16 (3) | 0.2392 | |
| History of CVD | 220 (41) | 233 (44) | 241 (45) | 0.4262 | 249 (47) | 224 (42) | 221 (42) | 0.1472 | 218 (41) | 243 (46) | 233 (44) | 0.3102 | |
| Marital status (married or living as couple) | 396 (74) | 414 (78) | 404 (76) | 0.4352 | 394 (74) | 413 (77) | 407 (76) | 0.5202 | 397 (75) | 404 (76) | 413 (78) | 0.4092 | |
BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, DSM-III depressive symptoms, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (third edition) depression scale, KIHD Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor study, SES socioeconomic status. % Rounded to nearest whole value and may, therefore, not add exact to 100
aExcludes potatoes
bAnti-depressant medication use for those using one or more prescription drugs for depressive symptoms only
1ANOVA test
2 Chi-squared test