Table 2.
Unadjusted and multivariate adjusted logistic regression models for the prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms, across tertiles of dairy intake (ORs, 95% CI)
| Intake tertile | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| Ref | OR | 95% CI | Wald statistic (DF) | OR | 95% CI | Wald statistic (DF) | P trend | |
| Total dairy intake (g/day) | ||||||||
| Events/participants (n) | 49/533 | 56/534 | 61/533 | |||||
| Median intake (IQR) | 212 (141, 284) | 448 (393, 500) | 723 (631, 885) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 208 (85) | 445 (65) | 783 (195) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 1.16 | 0.77–1.73 | 0.50 (1) | 1.28 | 0.86–1.90 | 1.45 (1) | 0.23 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.18 | 0.78–1.78 | 0.63 (1) | 1.47 | 0.95–2.27 | 3.05 (1) | 0.08 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.20 | 0.79–1.83 | 0.77 (1) | 1.42 | 0.91–2.19 | 2.46 (1) | 0.12 |
| High-fat dairy intake (g/day) | ||||||||
| Events/participants (n) | 62/532 | 60/535 | 44/533 | |||||
| Median intake (IQR) | 19 (9, 28) | 51 (43, 60) | 112 (87, 177) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 18 (11) | 51 (10) | 174 (160) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.96 | 0.66–1.40 | 0.05 (1) | 0.68 | 0.45–1.02 | 3.40 (1) | 0.05 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.83 | 0.56–1.22 | 0.91 (1) | 0.61 | 0.39–0.94 | 5.01 (1) | 0.03 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.91 | 0.61–1.35 | 0.22 (1) | 0.64 | 0.41–0.998 | 3.88 (1) | 0.04 |
| Low-fat dairy intake (g/day) | ||||||||
| Events/participants (n) | 49/533 | 59/534 | 58/533 | |||||
| Median intake (IQR) | 128 (66, 194) | 366 (310, 424) | 638 (548, 793) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 130 (77) | 368 (64) | 694 (188) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 1.23 | 0.82–1.83 | 1.01 (1) | 1.21 | 0.81–1.80 | 0.84 (1) | 0.38 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.21 | 0.80–1.81 | 0.81 (1) | 1.31 | 0.86–2.00 | 1.59 (1) | 0.21 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.22 | 0.81–1.85 | 0.94 (1) | 1.27 | 0.83–1.94 | 1.17 (1) | 0.27 |
| High-fat fermented dairy intake | ||||||||
| Events/participants (n) | 60/533 | 53/533 | 53/534 | |||||
| Median intake (IQR) | 3 (0, 8) | 21 (16, 26) | 48 (38, 65) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4 (4) | 21 (6) | 57 (30) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.87 | 0.59–1.29 | 0.48 (1) | 0.87 | 0.59–1.28 | 0.50 (1) | 0.51 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.69 | 0.46–1.03 | 3.24 (1) | 0.71 | 0.47–1.08 | 2.57 (1) | 0.15 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.78 | 0.51–1.17 | 1.49 (1) | 0.84 | 0.55–1.28 | 0.68 (1) | 0.48 |
| Low-fat fermented dairy intake | ||||||||
| Events/participants (n) | 64/534 | 44/517 | 58/549 | |||||
| Median intake (IQR) | 0 (0, 0) | 75 (50, 100) | 259 (194, 362) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 0 (2) | 76 (35) | 296 (143) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.68 | 0.46–1.02 | 3.41 (1) | 0.87 | 0.60–1.27 | 0.55 (1) | 0.74 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.52 | 0.34–0.79 | 9.23 (1) | 0.72 | 0.49–1.06 | 2.71 (1) | 0.37 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.55 | 0.36–0.84 | 7.64 (1) | 0.76 | 0.52–1.13 | 1.82 (1) | 0.50 |
| High-fat non-fermented dairy intake | ||||||||
| Events/participants (n) | 67/534 | 55/533 | 44/533 | |||||
| Median intake (IQR) | 2 (0, 6) | 21 (16, 27) | 69 (47, 136) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 3 (3) | 22 (7) | 137 (168) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.80 | 0.55–1.17 | 1.30 (1) | 0.63 | 0.42–0.94 | 5.20 (1) | 0.03 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.72 | 0.49–1.05 | 2.88 (1) | 0.60 | 0.39–0.91 | 5.88 (1) | 0.03 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.78 | 0.52–1.15 | 1.58 (1) | 0.60 | 0.39–0.92 | 5.56 (1) | 0.02 |
| Low-fat non-fermented dairy intake | ||||||||
| Events/participants (n) | 48/533 | 56/534 | 62/533 | |||||
| Median intake (IQR) | 55 (28, 85) | 206 (155, 265) | 493 (395, 637) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 56 (33) | 211 (60) | 547 (199) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1 | 1.18 | 0.79–1.78 | 0.66 (1) | 1.33 | 0.89–1.98 | 1.98 (1) | 0.17 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.14 | 0.76–1.73 | 0.40 (1) | 1.50 | 0.99–2.27 | 3.64 (1) | 0.049 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.12 | 0.74–1.69 | 0.26 (1) | 1.44 | 0.95–2.18 | 2.90 (1) | 0.08 |
Total N for all models was 1600. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 and BMI, fruit, berry and vegetable intake, SES, and history of CVD