Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of postmenopausal women (n = 300)
| Descriptive | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.0 (6.4) |
| Height (cm) | 160.6 (6.2) |
| Weight (kg) | 70.7 (12.8) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.4 (4.8) |
| Years post-menopause | 12.6 (7.6) |
| Total physical activity (MET hours/week) | 25.4 (24.3) |
| Femur BMD (g/cm2) | 0.895 (0.1) |
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 1.099 (0.1) |
| Femur T-score | − 0.7 (0.9) |
| Lumbar spine T-score | − 0.6 (1.2) |
| n Normal based on T-score (%) | 127 (42.3) |
| n Osteopenia based on T-score (%) | 173 (57.7) |
| BTMs | n = 299 |
| Serum CTX (ng/mL) | 0.63 (0.20) |
| Serum total alkaline Phosphatase (u/L) | 77.3 (19.5) |
| Serum Osteocalcin (ng/mL) | 19.68 (0.22) |
| Urinary CTX/Cr (ug/mmoL Cr) | 309.2 (146.6) |
| Urinary DPD/Cr (nmol DPD/mmol Cr) | 8.1 (2.3) |
| CTX:Osteocalcin ratio | 3.4 (1.1) |
| LCPUFA | |
| Total n − 3 (mg/mL) | 0.241 (0.110) |
| Total n − 6 (mg/mL) | 1.328 (0.375) |
| LA (C18) (mg/mL) | 1.014 (0.304) |
| AA (C20) (mg/mL) | 0.313 (0.099) |
| ALA (C18) (mg/mL) | 0.030 (0.017) |
| EPA (C20) (mg/mL) | 0.071 (0.064) |
| DPA (C23) (mg/mL) | 0.037 (0.015) |
| DHA (C22) (mg/mL) | 0.103 (0.045) |
| n − 6:n − 3 ratio | 6.4 (3.3) |
SD standard deviation, MET metabolic equivalent of task, BMD bone mineral density, BTMs bone turnover markers, serum CTX serum C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen, urinary CTX/Cr urinary C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen/creatinine, urinary DPD/Cr urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine, LCPUFA long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, total n3 total omega 3, total n6 total omega 6, LA linoleic acid (18:2 n − 6); AA, arachidonic acid (20:4 n − 6); ALA, α-linolenic acid (18:3 n − 3); EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n − 3); DPA, docosapentaenoic acid (23:5 n − 3); DHA, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n − 3); n − 6:n − 3 ratio, total n − 3:total n − 6 ratio