Table 2.

Standardized regression coefficients for modifiable protective and risk factors in relation to mental health symptoms and burnout.

Predictor variable	Outcome variable
	Depressive symptoms		Anxiety symptoms		Burnout
Modifiable protective factors	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
Emotion malleability beliefs	−0.08 (−0.12, −0.03)	0.001	−0.09 (−0.13, −0.04)	<0.001	−0.01 (−0.06, 0.05)	0.83
Resilience	−0.10 (−0.15, −0.05)	<0.001	−0.18 (−0.23, −0.13)	<0.001	−0.11 (−0.17, −0.05)	<0.001
Emotional self-efficacy	−0.17 (−0.22, −0.12)	<0.001	−0.11 (−0.17, −0.06)	<0.001	0.03 (−0.03, 0.09)	0.34
Risk factors
Recent stressful events	0.14 (0.10, 0.17)	<0.001	0.14 (0.11, 0.18)	<0.001	0.10 (0.06, 0.15)	<0.001
Need for closure	0.09 (0.05, 0.12)	<0.001	0.13 (0.10, 0.17)	<0.001	0.11 (0.07, 0.16)	<0.001
Loneliness	0.38 (0.33, 0.43)	<0.001	0.31 (0.26, 0.36)	<0.001	0.34 (0.28, 0.41)	<0.001

Standardized beta coefficients (β) are presented for all models. Models included the following covariates: binary gender, sex, race, and ethnicity, whether in a relationship, better or worse off financially due to the pandemic (reference group: no impact of pandemic), less than or more than four-year college degree attainment (reference group: four-year college degree), social desirability, and dispositional optimism. Analyses only included participants with binary gender identity due to too small of a sample size for non-binary gender, which was underpowered to test for any statistically significant differences for this group. N = 1,323.