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. 2023 Jan 23;16:1076765. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1076765

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Copyright © 2023 Marquardt, VanRyzin, Fuquen and McCarthy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Factor analysis indicates that juvenile play deprivation preferentially affects socio-sexual behavior in adult males. (A,C) Behavior factor loadings for each named factor for the short and long duration barrier studies, respectively. Longer, more saturated bars indicate stronger loadings, with green denoting positive loading and black indicating negative loading. (B,D) Loading scores for CTRL, BARR, and ISO males plotted for each factor for the short and long duration barrier studies, respectively. The values in parentheses represent the percentage of total variance accounted for by each factor. Filled circles indicate group means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 6–9 per group.