TABLE 3.

Large animal models for the study of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Species	Modeling method	Result	References
Rhesus monkeys	Testosterone propionate injection	Testosterone propionate injections increased serum testosterone and androstenedione levels in maternal and prenatal androgenized fetuses	Abbott et al. (2008)
	Testosterone pellets implanting subcutaneously	Androgens stimulate gonadotropin-independent follicle growth in the primate ovary	Vendola et al. (1998)
Sheep	Testosterone propionate injection	Prenatal androgen injections reduce adipose differentiation during puberty and lead to subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in adulthood in sheep	Siemienowicz et al. (2021)
		Pregnant ewes showed increased hair number and diameter, mild hypertension, and impaired placental function after testosterone treatment	King et al. (2007); Tonellotto Dos Santos et al. (2018); Kelley et al. (2019)