TABLE 3.
Comparison of people with HIV by viral load.
| Variable | HIVVL < 1000 (n = 37) |
HIVVL > 1000 (n = 15) |
P | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | s.d. | n | % | Median | IQR | Mean | s.d. | n | % | Median | IQR | ||
| Age in years | 48 | 10 | - | - | - | - | 40.00 | 11 | - | - | 0.020 | ||
| Male | - | - | 15 | 40.5 | - | - | - | - | 8 | 53.3 | - | - | 0.540 |
| Hypertension | - | - | 18 | 48.6 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 20.0 | - | - | 0.070 |
| Diabetes | - | - | 14 | 37.8 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 6.7 | - | - | 0.040 |
| Cardiovascular disease | - | - | 1 | 2.7 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 6.7 | - | - | 0.490 |
| Chronic kidney disease | - | - | 4 | 10.8 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | 0.310 |
| Cancer in past 5 years | - | - | 2 | 5.4 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.0 | - | - | 1.000 |
| Overweight | - | - | 9 | 24.3 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 6.7 | - | - | 0.250 |
| Died | - | - | 6 | 16.7 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 13.3 | - | - | 1.000 |
| Received steroids | - | - | 27 | 73.0 | - | - | - | - | 10 | 66.7 | - | - | 0.740 |
| Antiretroviral therapy | - | - | 34 | 91.9 | - | - | - | - | 8 | 53.3 | - | - | 0.005 |
| CD4 count > 200 | - | - | 22 | 64.7 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 7.1 | - | - | < 0.001 |
| Previous TB | - | - | 11 | 29.7 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 33.3 | - | - | 1.000 |
| Active TB | - | - | 1 | 2.7 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 40.0 | - | - | 0.001 |
| Days hospitalised n | - | - | - | - | 8.00 | 6–13 | - | - | - | - | 6.00 | 3–9 | 0.110 |
| Respiratory rate bpm | - | - | - | - | 24.00 | 18–28 | - | - | - | - | 20.00 | 18–22 | 0.140 |
| Estimated FiO2 | - | - | - | - | 0.40 | 0.21–0.78 | - | - | - | - | 0.21 | 0.21–0.26 | 0.006 |
| Peripheral O2 saturation | - | - | - | - | 94.00 | 90–96 | - | - | - | - | 94.00 | 92–97 | 0.620 |
| ROX score | - | - | - | - | 6.77 | 4.34–10.14 | - | - | - | - | 17.72 | 10.92–20.50 | 0.005 |
| Systolic blood pressure mm/Hg | - | - | - | - | 119.00 | 105–130 | - | - | - | - | 117.00 | 92–123 | 0.280 |
| ANC × 10−9/L | - | - | - | - | 6.53 | 5.11–8.32 | - | - | - | - | 5.17 | 3.41, 7.82 | 0.350 |
| ALC × 10−9/L | - | - | - | - | 1.07 | 0.76–1.51 | - | - | - | - | 0.87 | 0.26, 1.54 | 0.170 |
| NLR | - | - | - | - | 6.47 | 3.68, 8.79 | - | - | - | - | 7.74 | 4.60, 13.12 | 0.350 |
| CRP mg/L | - | - | - | - | 124.00 | 66–183 | - | - | - | - | 72.00 | 38–114 | 0.090 |
| Ferritin µg/L | - | - | - | - | 548.00 | 291–982 | - | - | - | - | 365.00 | 309–969 | 0.740 |
| PCT µg/L | - | - | - | - | 0.06 | 0.04–0.25 | - | - | - | - | 0.08 | 0.06–5.94 | 0.310 |
| DDIM mg/L | - | - | - | - | 0.72 | 0.38–1.71 | - | - | - | - | 1.46 | 0.52–7.74 | 0.280 |
| HbA1c % | - | - | - | - | 8.30 | 6.40–12.30 | - | - | - | - | 6.20 | 6.10–9.70 | 0.540 |
| Creatinine µmol/L | - | - | - | - | 158.00 | 253 | - | - | - | - | 119.00 | 207 | 0.600 |
| ALT U/L | - | - | - | - | 40.08 | 32 | - | - | - | - | 34.67 | 22 | 0.570 |
| CD4 count cells/µL | - | - | - | - | 271.00 | 153–422 | - | - | - | - | 34.00 | 15–47 | < 0.001 |
| HIVVL IU/mL | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 59 789.00 | 9417–19 4534 | - |
Note: Vital signs and biomarker levels measured at admission (± 24 h); P-values in bold significance tested at < 0.05 shown for Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, T test (age comparison) and Mann-Whitney test (all other continuous variables).
HIVVL, HIV-1 viral load; s.d., standard deviation; n, sample size; IQR, interquartile range; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; ROX, respiratory oxygenation score; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; NLR, neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; DDIM, D-dimer; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TB, tuberculosis; HbA1c%, hemoglobin A1c percentage.