Fig. 1.

The overview of eccDNAs at the single-cell level in pediatric and adult glioblastomas (GBMs). (A) Karyoplot displaying eccDNA locations on linear chromosomes. Two zoom-in sections demonstrate eccDNAs detected in GBMs (sample group: red, primary adult GBMs; blue, pediatric GBMs). Cytoband colors in the karyoplot: Red, centromeric; white, Giemsa negative bands; different shades of grey and black, Giemsa positive bands. Darker shades of grey indicate higher intensity of Giemsa positivity. (B) Pie chart summarizing genomic distribution of eccDNAs from all samples combined. (C) Heatmap showing overlapping regulatory elements such as enhancers with eccDNAs. Frequencies are colored in gradient scales, ranging from blue (low frequency) to red (high frequency). A repetitive eccDNA origin shared across different samples and embedding distal enhancer structures (chr2:89823776−89842856) is highlighted in bold and italic font. Abbreviations: K4m3, DNase-H3K4me3; enhP, proximal enhancer-like signature; CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor; enhD: distal enhancer-like signature; prom, promoter-like signature.