Table 1.
Systematic literature reviews and bibliometrics on EI.
| Articles | Period | Data source | Analysis | Unit of analysis | Docs | Software tool | Review output (Number of documents) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Meta-Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models (Schaegel, and Koenig 2014) [30] | 1990–2014 (25 years) | ABI-Inform global/ProQuest, EBSCO, Science Direct, Business source premier | M | Document | 98 | – | The TPB and EEM models were examined: the TPB determinants [42], and EEM determinants [17], subjective norms and main EEM determinants [10], ESE plus EEM determinants [6], parallel predictors (TPB and EEM) [7], structural models [10], and mediation of EEM determinants [10]. An integrated model is proposed. |
| A systematic literature review on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Citation, Thematic Analyses, and Research Agenda (Liñán and Fayolle 2015) [5] | 2004–2013 (9 years) | Scopus, ABI-Inform/ProQuest, WOS and Science Direct | DC | Document | 409 | – | EI topics: basic model, methodology and theory issues [65]; the influence of EI and personal level variables (148); EI and entrepreneurship education [68]; the role of context and institutions [72]; intention-behaviour relationship and entrepreneurial process [39]; and new areas of research [17]. |
| T | |||||||
| The theory of planned behaviour in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions (Lortie and Castogiovanni 2015) [29] | 1993–2011 (18 years) | WOS, ABI-Inform/ProQuest | M | Document | 42 | – | TPB issues: attitudes [16]; subjective norms [14]; perceived behavioural control (27 papers); intention [67]; behaviour [13]; complete model [1]. |
| Weight- and meta-analysis of empirical literature on entrepreneurship: Towards a conceptualisation of entrepreneurial intention and behaviour (Alferaih 2017) [37] | – | Scopus, WOS, EBSCO and Google Scholar | M | Document | 123 | – | The author identified the EI predictors (independent and dependent variables), their relationship and significance, the correlation between variables, sample size, type of analysis, data collection, constructs variance, path-coefficient, and effect size were examined. An integrated proposed model of EI was developed. |
| W | |||||||
| Entrepreneurial Intention: Categorisation, Classification of Constructs and Proposition of a Model (Silva Martins, Almeida Santos, and Silveira 2018) [36] | 1999–2017 (18 years) | WOS | CO | Keyword | 164 | Iramuteq | Essential elements of the discourse of EI texts: theoretical component (17.4% of the content of the selected studies); accessories and contextualisation (26.4% of the content of the selected studies); profile and characteristics (27.5% of the content of the selected studies); data structure (28.6% of the content of the selected studies). |
| T | |||||||
| Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research (Newman, Obschonka, Schwarz, Cohen, and Nielsen 2019) [31] | 1998–2017 (18 years) | WOS, Google Scholar | DC | Document | 128 | – | To analyse the construct of ESE by identifying the theoretical perspectives; measurement scales; antecedents: individual-level antecedents, firm and macro-level antecedents; outcomes of ESE; and ESE as a moderator. |
| T | |||||||
| A bibliometric analysis of research on entrepreneurial intentions from 2000 to 2018 (Dolhey 2019) [4] | 2000–2018 (18 years) | Scopus | DC | Document | 1393 | VOSviewer | This work conducted a conceptual and social analysis. The IJESB accounts for the highest number of publications; 2007 is the year with the most publications overall, and Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions by Krueger et al. (2000) is the most cited document. Francisco Liñán is the most prolific author. The USA accounts for the highest number of publications, and University of Seville (Spain) is the institution that has contributed the most papers. EI, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, and gender are the keywords that appear more frequently. |
| NP | Author | ||||||
| Journals | |||||||
| Countries | |||||||
| Institutions | |||||||
| CoA | Author | ||||||
| Countries | |||||||
| CO | Keyword | ||||||
| Intentions resurrected: a systematic review of entrepreneurial intention research from 2014 to 2018 and future research agenda (Donaldson 2019) [17] | 2014–2018 (4 years) | SJR | T | Document | 163 | Nvivo | EI priority themes: career choice [13]; context [16]; corporate intent [9]; education [31]; process [32]; intention models [27]; individual [25]; others [10]. All priority themes were classified by secondary themes considering their theoretical perspectives. |
| Academic entrepreneurship intentions: a systematic literature review (Neves and Brito 2020) [32] | 2007–2018 (11 years) | Scopus and WOS | DC | Document | 66 | – | Descriptive analyses were made to identify the number of documents and the articles' distribution by sources (37 different journals) and country (Germany −12; the UK and Spain −11, Italy −10, USA -9, Sweden −5, Other Europe −10, Other countries −9). Systematic Literature Review identified independent variables (drivers): Economic (individual, organisational and institutional), and psychological (TPB); and dependent variable (intentions): Spin-off creation, Patent and licensing and collaboration with industry. The drivers behind the intentions are multiple: context-dependent, hierarchy-dependent, heterogeneous, and, at the same time, dependent on each other and against each other. The individual factors, directly and indirectly via TPB, strongly impact the academics' intentions. |
| T | Variables | ||||||
| NP | Journal | ||||||
| A Systematic Literature Review on Social Entrepreneurial Intention (Tan, Le, and Xuan 2020) [33] | 2010–2018 (10 years) | Scopus, WOS and Google Scholar | NP | Document | 36 | – | Descriptive analysis to identify the number of documents and their distribution by country (Asia −16, Europe -7-, America −4, Multi-region −4, Unspecified −3, Africa −2). Thematic analyses resulted in four categories: core model, methodological and theoretical issues [12]; personal-level variables [19]; context and institutions [4]; and the social entrepreneurial intention-to-behaviour process [1]. |
| Countries | |||||||
| T | Document | ||||||
| From personal values to entrepreneurial intention: a systematic literature review (Hueso, Jaén, and Liñán 2021) [34] | 1992–2020 (28 years) | Scopus, ABI-Inform and WOS | T | Document | 22 | – | Personal values, conceptualised from the Theory of Basic Human Values, are antecedents of the EI studied from the TPB. This effect is differentiated by considering social EI or general EI, as well as basic human values, work values, Rokeach values, and other personal values. An integrative conceptual framework and future lines of research are proposed. |
| Analysing the past to prepare for the future: a review of literature on factors with influence on entrepreneurial intentions (Pérez-Macías, Fernández-Fernández, and Vieites 2021) [1] | 1994–2017 (23 years) | Scopus | NP | Journal | 177 | – | Narrative analysis of the topic of EI regarding the factors that influence individuals' EI. Antecedents (personal-level variables, entrepreneurship education (EE), and contextual factors and institutional variables), and topics of analysis (cognitive factors such as self-efficacy; personality and psychological variables such as propensity/adversity to risk; and socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, and human capital) were identified to summarise the literature. Recommendations and new lines of research, linking antecedents and topics, are the final contribution of this paper. |
| T | Variables | ||||||
| Entrepreneurial intentions: a bibliometric analysis (Ruiz-Alba, Guzmán-Parra, Vila Oblitas and Morales Mediano 2021) [38] | 1993–2016 (23 years) | Scopus | DC | Document | 377 | VOSviewer | Bibliometric techniques (co-authorships, co-word analysis, research topics, and cluster of themes) are applied to highlight: the most influential authors (Liñán, Fayolle, Urbano, Guerrero, Santos and Nabi), and the most productive ones (Liñán −12; Kautonen −8; and Fayolle −7). The most productive journals in terms of the number of publications (IJESB -34, IEMJ -20, E&T −19, MJSS -12) and terms of the number of citations (JBV). The main subject areas (BMA -286, EEF -139, SS -105, Psychology −33), the most productive universities (University of Seville −13, University Putra Malaysia −8) and countries (certain polarisation between the USA and Europe). The analysis of keywords identified six clusters of themes: EI, age, role models, entrepreneurship education, Malaysia, and higher education; business development, culture, perception, innovation, university sector, South Africa, and university; students, entrepreneurialism, universities, and Ukraine; TPB, social capital, China, Spain, barriers, entrepreneurs, and family business; University students, gender, TPB, attitude, GEM, and creativity; and education, intention, entrepreneurial attitude, engineering, and entrepreneurial education. Prevailed keywords: gender-related, TPB, age, culture and entrepreneurship education. |
| NP | Journal | ||||||
| Institution | |||||||
| Countries | |||||||
| CoA | Author | ||||||
| CO | Keyword | ||||||
| An AHP analysis of scientometrically derived factors of entrepreneurial intentions of women and constructing a conceptual research framework (Patra and Lenka 2021) [35] | 1987–2019 (32 years) | Scopus, Proquest, EBSCO | DC | Document | 129 | Biblioshiny for Rstudio | Scientometric analysis to identify the number of articles, authors, journals, citations, and keyword network. The co-occurrence network resulted in 2 main clusters of keywords: the first with decision-making, career choice, motivation, self-concept, risk-taking ability, locus of control, entrepreneurial education, desire for achievement, personality, and psychological aspect; and the second related to social stigma and family support. An analytic hierarchy process using NGT and AHP ranked the factor by weighting: level 1 with primary variables of EI of women, and level 2 with secondary variables on social, personal and circumstantial factors. The final result was an integrative conceptual framework. |
| NP | |||||||
| NGT | Variables | ||||||
| AHP | Ranking of variables | ||||||
| CO | Keyword |
AHP: Analytic Hierarchy Process; CO: Co-Ocurrences; CoA: Co-Authorship; DC: Direct Citation; M: Meta-analysis; ND: Number of Documents; NGT: Nominal Group Technique; NP: Number of Publications; T: Thematic; W: Weight-analysis. IJESB: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business; IEMJ: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal; E&T: Education and Training; JBV: Journal of Business Venturing; MJSS: Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. BMA: Business, Management, and Accountant; EEF: Economics, Econometrics, and Finance; SC: Social Science.