Fig. 6.

Overview of three key technical challenges for filamentous fungi strain engineering in biomanufacturing, categorized by the general milieu of associated bioengineering targets along the polar growth of the hyphal tip. Improvements in heterologous protein production may enable the sustainable production of therapeutics, animal-based proteins, and novel materials. Characterizing and leveraging morphogenic and transcriptional control may enable significant improvements in metabolite/protein production and mycelium material properties. ER: endoplasmic reticulum.