Fig. 9.

LIPUS strengthens the promotion of BMSC-derived exosomes on osteoarthritic cartilage regeneration. (A) Safranin O/Fast Green, Toluidine Blue and H&E-stained sections of knee joints. Scale bar: 200 ​μm (40 ​× ​), 50 ​μm (200 ​× ​). (B) Cartilage degeneration evaluated with the OARSI scoring system. (n ​= ​6, 6, 7, 7, 8 respectively for control, OA, OA ​+ ​Exos, OA ​+ ​LIPUS, OA ​+ ​Exos ​+ ​LIPUS group). ns P ​> ​0.05, ∗∗∗∗P ​< ​0.0001. (C) Chondrogenesis-related protein level were detected by western blot. Protein (D and E) and mRNA (F and G) expression of Sox9 and Col2 were measured by western blot and qPCR, and the results of statistical analysis of three independent experiments are revealed. ns P ​> ​0.05, ∗P ​< ​0.05, ∗∗P ​< ​0.01, ∗∗∗P ​< ​0.001, ∗∗∗∗P ​< ​0.0001. The image was reproduced from the article published in International Immunopharmacology Journal by Liao, Li, Yuan and Co-workers in the year 2021 [433]. Permission was obtained from the publisher for using the illustration. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)