Table 3.
Influence of highlighting on risk of adverse events and block failure.
| Peripheral nerve block | Increase |
No change |
Reduce |
No consensus |
Total structures | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Structures | % | Structures | % | Structures | % | Structures | ||
| Nerve injury/postoperative neurological symptoms (where nerves highlighted) | |||||||||
| Interscalene-level brachial plexus block | 5.0 | 4 | 10.0 | 8 | 73.8 | 59 | 11.2 | 9 | 80 |
| Upper-trunk block | 0.0 | 0 | 62.5 | 50 | 37.5 | 30 | 0.0 | 0 | 80 |
| Supraclavicular-level brachial plexus block | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 93.8 | 75 | 1.2 | 1 | 80 |
| Axillary-level brachial plexus block | 0.0 | 0 | 33.8 | 27 | 56.2 | 45 | 10.0 | 8 | 80 |
| Adductor canal block | 0.0 | 0 | 72.5 | 58 | 21.2 | 17 | 6.2 | 5 | 80 |
| Popliteal-level sciatic nerve block | 2.5 | 2 | 0.0 | 0 | 95.0 | 76 | 2.5 | 2 | 80 |
| Average/total |
1.7 |
8 |
30.2 |
145 |
62.9 |
302 |
5.2 |
25 |
480 |
| Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (where arteries highlighted) | |||||||||
| Supraclavicular-level brachial plexus block | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 92.5 | 74 | 2.5 | 2 | 80 |
| Axillary-level brachial plexus block | 2.5 | 2 | 1.2 | 1 | 91.2 | 73 | 5.0 | 4 | 80 |
| Suprainguinal fascia iliaca block | 0.0 | 0 | 8.8 | 7 | 81.2 | 65 | 10.0 | 8 | 80 |
| Adductor canal block | 0.0 | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 96.2 | 77 | 1.2 | 1 | 80 |
| Popliteal-level sciatic nerve block | 1.2 | 1 | 25.0 | 20 | 70.0 | 56 | 3.8 | 3 | 80 |
| Average/total |
1.2 |
5 |
8.0 |
32 |
86.2 |
345 |
4.5 |
18 |
400 |
| Pneumothorax (only where pleura highlighted) | |||||||||
| Supraclavicular-level brachial plexus block | 0.0 | 0 | 1.2 | 1 | 97.5 | 78 | 1.2 | 1 | 80 |
| Erector spinae plane block | 0.0 | 0 | 25.0 | 20 | 55.0 | 44 | 20.0 | 16 | 80 |
| Average/total |
0.0 |
0 |
13.1 |
21 |
76.2 |
122 |
10.6 |
17 |
160 |
| Peritoneum violation (only where peritoneum highlighted) | |||||||||
| Rectus sheath block | 1.2 | 1 | 13.8 | 11 | 82.5 | 66 | 2.5 | 2 | 80 |
| Average/total |
1.25 |
1 |
13.75 |
11 |
82.50 |
66 |
2.5 |
2 |
80 |
| Block failure (all blocks) | |||||||||
| Interscalene-level brachial plexus block | 3.8 | 3 | 10.0 | 8 | 78.8 | 63 | 7.5 | 6 | 80 |
| Upper-trunk block | 2.5 | 2 | 8.8 | 7 | 81.2 | 65 | 7.5 | 6 | 80 |
| Supraclavicular-level brachial plexus block | 1.2 | 1 | 1.2 | 1 | 93.8 | 75 | 3.8 | 3 | 80 |
| Axillary-level brachial plexus block | 0.0 | 0 | 8.8 | 7 | 70.0 | 56 | 21.5 | 17 | 80 |
| Erector spinae plane block | 3.8 | 3 | 15.0 | 12 | 68.8 | 55 | 12.5 | 10 | 80 |
| Rectus sheath block | 2.5 | 2 | 10.0 | 8 | 83.8 | 67 | 3.8 | 3 | 80 |
| Suprainguinal fascia iliaca block | 1.2 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 97.5 | 78 | 1.2 | 1 | 80 |
| Adductor canal block | 0.0 | 0 | 30.0 | 24 | 62.5 | 50 | 7.5 | 6 | 80 |
| Popliteal-level sciatic nerve block | 1.2 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 95.0 | 76 | 3.8 | 3 | 80 |
| Average/total | 1.8 | 13 | 9.3 | 67 | 81.2 | 585 | 7.6 | 55 | 720 |