Table 1. Clinical characteristics and reaching parameters.

Median ±indicates standard deviation across participants. Timing: Timing of first assessment after stroke. FMS: Fugl-Meyer Score for the Upper Extremity; ARAT: Action Research Arm Test; AMD2: measurement of motor control (see methods); MoCA: Montreal Cognitive assessment; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale

	Early	Late	p-value	Controls
N	35	30		17
Age (in years)	62 ±15.5	57 ±11.3	p = 0.476	60 ±13.6
Timing	20 ±16 days	29.1 ±64.6 months		-
Gender	19 men	20 men		4 men
Handedness	R = 32	R = 28		R = 7
Lesion side	R = 21	R = 22		-
FMS	56.0 ±15	31.3 ±20.6	p < 0.001	-
ARAT	53.5 ±16.7	25.5 ±23.1	p = 0.003	-
AMD2	34.7 ±29.5	34.5 ±43.3	p = 0.47	n. a. (see methods)
Baseline variability	4.8° ±3.1	4.4° ±2.2	p = 0.422	3.19 ±1.37
Baseline deviation	−0.78° ±9.1	−1.81° ±7.0	p = 0.003	−0.14 ±5.5
Reaction time	551ms ±25.1	622ms ±90.36	p = 0.459	488.81ms ±110.67
Maximum velocity	0.34m/s ±0.11	0.31m/s ±0.07	p = 0.171	0.31m/s ±0.08
Average velocity	0.19m/s ±0.01	0.18m/s ±0.01	p = 0.259	0.18m/s ±0.04x
MoCA	24.5 ±2.9	25.8 ±3.1	p = 0.182	27.85 ±1.72
GDS	2.2 ±2.5	3.7 ±3.8	p = 0.066	0.05 ±0.4