Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants (N = 122)
| Baseline Characteristic | 16-KKW Exercise Group (n = 61) | 4-KKW Exercise Group (n = 61) | t or χ2 | df | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 45.6 (10.4) | 48.5 (9.4) | 1.6 | 119 | .11 |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 52 (85.3) | 48 (78.7) | 0.9 | 1 | .35 |
| Race, n (%) | 2.2 | 3 | .53 | ||
| White | 51 (83.6) | 54 (88.5) | |||
| Black | 9 (14.8) | 5 (8.2) | |||
| Hispanic | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | |||
| Other | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | |||
| Weight and fitness, mean (SD) | |||||
| Weight, kg | 87.0 (23.6) | 87.8 (17.7) | 0.2 | 111 | .82 |
| Body mass index | 30.3 (6.8) | 31.4 (5.5) | 1.0 | 113 | .34 |
| VO2 max, L/min | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.7) | 0.8 | 103 | .45 |
| Depression, mean (SD) | |||||
| Age at onset, y | 27.8 (10.7) | 27.1 (12.0) | −0.4 | 119 | .72 |
| Length of current episode, mo | 71.2 (93.2) | 89.6 (98.5) | 1.1 | 120 | .29 |
| Weeks of adequate dose of SSRI | 8.8 (8.3) | 6.7 (4.1) | −1.6 | 78 | .10 |
| SSRI, n (%) | 4.2 | 5 | .52 | ||
| Citalopram | 3 (4.9) | 2 (3.3) | |||
| Escitalopram | 45 (73.8) | 44 (72.1) | |||
| Fluoxetine | 1 (1.6) | 3 (4.9) | |||
| Paroxetine controlled-release | 3 (4.9) | 1 (1.6) | |||
| Paroxetine | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | |||
| Sertraline | 9 (14.8) | 9 (14.8) | |||
| Baseline symptom severity, mean (SD) | |||||
| HDRS17 | 17.8 (3.8) | 18.1 (3.8) | 0.5 | 120 | .65 |
| IDS-C30 | 33.3 (7.1) | 34.7 (7.8) | 1.0 | 119 | .30 |
| QIDS-C16 | 13.9 (2.6) | 14.0 (2.6) | 0.3 | 120 | .76 |
| IDS-SR30 | 31.7 (8.2) | 33.1 (10.9) | 0.8 | 109 | .44 |
| QIDS-SR16 | 12.2 (3.6) | 13.0 (4.3) | 1.2 | 113 | .23 |
| Functional assessment, mean (SD) | |||||
| SAS-SR | 2.5 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.4) | −0.6 | 117 | .58 |
| SF-36 physical | 79.5 (20.5) | 80.3 (20.7) | 0.2 | 116 | .83 |
| SF-36 mental | 49.8 (14.5) | 49.0 (15.8) | −0.3 | 117 | .77 |
| Q-LES-Q general activities | 59.0 (10.8) | 60.7 (10.7) | 0.8 | 115 | .40 |
Abbreviations: HDRS17 = 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; IDS-C30 = 30-Item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician-Rated; IDS-SR30 = 30-Item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Report; KKW = kcal/kg/wk; QIDS-C16 = 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician-Rated; QIDS-SR16 = 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Report; Q-LES-Q = Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; SAS-SR = Social Adjustment Scale, Self-Report; SF-36 = Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; VO2 max = maximal oxygen consumption.